{"id":1178,"date":"2018-02-26T15:00:33","date_gmt":"2018-02-26T14:00:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/emagazin.plus\/?p=1178"},"modified":"2020-01-23T16:17:57","modified_gmt":"2020-01-23T15:17:57","slug":"co-zadaji-male-a-stredni-podniky","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/emagazin.plus\/cz\/co-zadaji-male-a-stredni-podniky\/","title":{"rendered":"Co \u017e\u00e1daj\u00ed mal\u00e9 a st\u0159edn\u00ed podniky \u2013 doporu\u010den\u00ed pro n\u011bmeckou politiku"},"content":{"rendered":"

Dr. Marc Evers<\/a>, N\u011bmeck\u00fd sn\u011bm obchodn\u00edch a pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch komor \"\"<\/p>\n

P\u011bt m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f od voleb a st\u00e1le nen\u00ed nov\u00e1 vl\u00e1da. Situace, na kterou si N\u011bmci mus\u00ed teprve zvykat. V dob\u011b redak\u010dn\u00ed uz\u00e1v\u011brky to vypadalo na pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed dosavadn\u00ed velk\u00e9 koalice konzervativn\u00ed unie CDU\/CSU a soci\u00e1ln\u00ed demokracie (SPD), kter\u00e9 se dohodly na zn\u011bn\u00ed koali\u010dn\u00ed smlouvy. Ekonomice podle v\u0161eho moc nevad\u00ed, \u017ee se sestavov\u00e1n\u00ed nov\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy tak vle\u010de. Hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd r\u016fst i zam\u011bstnanost jsou na rekordn\u00ed \u00farovni, statn\u00ed pokladna vykazuje st\u00e1le v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed p\u0159ebytek a st\u00e1tn\u00ed dluh kles\u00e1. Pob\u011b\u017e\u00ed n\u011bmeck\u00e1 ekonomika i nad\u00e1le sama od sebe? A kdy se nov\u00e1 vl\u00e1da u\u017e brzo d\u00e1 do pr\u00e1ce, nehraje tedy ani tak velkou roli? Odpov\u011b\u010f na ob\u011b ot\u00e1zky zn\u00ed: ne! Opak je pravdou. Obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 pro mal\u00e9 a st\u0159edn\u00ed podniky je nesm\u00edrn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9, aby vl\u00e1da vytvo\u0159ila stabiln\u00ed podm\u00ednky pro podnik\u00e1n\u00ed a zlep\u0161ila faktory ovliv\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed investi\u010dn\u00ed rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed. I kdy\u017e to p\u0159i pohledu na ekonomick\u00e9 ukazatele nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt hned z\u0159ejm\u00e9, pro N\u011bmecko to jsou velk\u00e9 v\u00fdzvy.<\/p>\n

P\u0159\u00edzniv\u00e9 hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed\u2026<\/strong>
\nZa\u010d\u00e1tkem roku se N\u011bmeck\u00fd sn\u011bm obchodn\u00edch a pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch komor (DIHK) v pr\u016fzkumu ptal zhruba 25 tis\u00edc mal\u00fdch a st\u0159edn\u011b velk\u00fdch podnik\u016f (do 500 zam\u011bstnanc\u016f), jak hodnot\u00ed svou ekonomickou situaci a jak\u00fd o\u010dek\u00e1vaj\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdvoj. Firmy vid\u00ed svou situaci nejl\u00e9pe od roku 1985, kdy prob\u011bhl prvn\u00ed pr\u016fzkum. 53 % dotazovan\u00fdch spole\u010dnost\u00ed ji hodnot\u00ed jako dobrou, pouze 6 % jako \u0161patnou. I o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed jsou optimisti\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e kdy jindy. Firmy po\u010d\u00edtaj\u00ed s lep\u0161\u00edm byznysem jak v N\u011bmecku, tak v zahrani\u010d\u00ed. Krom\u011b toho cht\u011bj\u00ed n\u011bmeck\u00e9 podniky v\u00edce investovat. P\u0159i tom nab\u00edr\u00e1 na v\u00fdznamu i roz\u0161i\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdrobn\u00edch kapacit. Firmy pl\u00e1nuj\u00ed p\u0159ij\u00edmat nov\u00e9 zam\u011bstnance \u2013 dlouhodob\u011b jsou pr\u00e1v\u011b mal\u00e9 a st\u0159edn\u00ed podniky hnac\u00ed silou tvorby nov\u00fdch pracovn\u00edch m\u00edst.<\/p>\n

\u2026 ale nedostatek zam\u011bstnanc\u016f <\/strong>
\nOdpov\u011bdi firem v\u0161ak nepod\u00e1vaj\u00ed jen pozitivn\u00ed obr\u00e1zek: St\u00e1le v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017ekou se st\u00e1v\u00e1 zejm\u00e9na nedostatek kvalifikovan\u00fdch pracovn\u00edk\u016f. 60 % mal\u00fdch a st\u0159edn\u00edch podnik\u016f v n\u011bm vid\u00ed riziko pro dal\u0161\u00ed rozvoj. Nap\u011bt\u00ed na pracovn\u00edm trhu nav\u00edc zvy\u0161uje mzdov\u00e9 n\u00e1klady, co\u017e mal\u00fdm a st\u0159edn\u00edm podnik\u016fm kaz\u00ed pozitivn\u00ed v\u00fdhled. Tak\u00e9 v z\u00e1\u0159ijov\u00e9m pr\u016fzkumu DIHK, kter\u00fd prob\u011bhl u p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti voleb do spolkov\u00e9ho sn\u011bmu, firmy pova\u017eovaly pr\u00e1v\u011b nedostatek pracovn\u00edch sil a jeho dopad na mzdov\u00e9 n\u00e1klady za z\u00e1sadn\u00ed probl\u00e9m. Dostupnost kvalifikovan\u00fdch zam\u011bstnanc\u016f vn\u00edmaj\u00ed podniky s 20 a\u017e 250 zam\u011bstnanci dokonce v\u00fdrazn\u011b negativn\u011bji ne\u017e ostatn\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Mal\u00e9 a st\u0159edn\u00ed podniky pozoruj\u00ed i dal\u0161\u00ed rizika<\/strong>
\nNedostatek pracovn\u00edk\u016f nen\u00ed jedin\u00fdm rizikem. Mal\u00e9 a st\u0159edn\u011b velk\u00e9 firmy pozoruj\u00ed v posledn\u00ed dob\u011b zhor\u0161en\u00ed i u dal\u0161\u00edch faktor\u016f. Plat\u00ed to hlavn\u011b pro byrokratickou z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e, mysl\u00ed si dv\u011b t\u0159etiny mal\u00fdch firem do 20 zam\u011bstnanc\u016f. Ty p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed velkou \u010d\u00e1st n\u011bmeck\u00e9ho hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed \u2013 tvo\u0159\u00ed 95 % v\u0161ech podnik\u016f a zam\u011bstn\u00e1vaj\u00ed \u0161est milion\u016f osob. Navzdory dv\u011bma tzv. z\u00e1kon\u016fm o sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed byrokracie (\u201eB\u00fcrokratie-Entlastungsgesetze\u201c), kter\u00e9 byly p\u0159ijaty v minul\u00e9m volebn\u00edm obdob\u00ed, se zjevn\u011b nepoda\u0159ilo mal\u00fdm podnik\u016fm od byrokracie ulevit.<\/p>\n

Za prioritu pova\u017euj\u00ed mal\u00e9 a st\u0159edn\u00ed podniky i digitalizaci. Ka\u017ed\u00fd druh\u00fd z nich by na vrcholu politick\u00e9 agendy r\u00e1d vid\u011bl rychl\u00fd internet i na venkov\u011b a mo\u017enost vy\u0159\u00eddit v\u00edce administrativy online.<\/p>\n

32 % mal\u00fdch podnik\u016f se do\u017eaduje da\u0148ov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu naklon\u011bn\u00e9mu investic\u00edm \u2013 u velk\u00fdch firem je to jen 17 %. Za nal\u00e9hav\u00e9 t\u00e9ma, kter\u00fdm by se budouc\u00ed vl\u00e1da m\u011bla zab\u00fdvat, pova\u017euje t\u0159etina st\u0159edn\u011b velk\u00fdch firem i omezen\u00ed v\u00fddaj\u016f v oblasti energetick\u00e9 transformace (tzv. \u201eEnergiewende\u201c). V\u00edce ne\u017e t\u0159etinu mal\u00fdch a st\u0159edn\u011b velk\u00fdch podnik\u016f nav\u00edc brzd\u00ed dopravn\u00ed infrastruktura, vozovky ve \u0161patn\u00e9m stavu a uzav\u0159en\u00e9 mosty.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdzva: firemn\u00ed n\u00e1stupnictv\u00ed<\/strong>
\nSt\u00e1le v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdzvu p\u0159edstavuje pro mal\u00e9 a st\u0159edn\u00ed podniky n\u00e1stupnictv\u00ed. V asi milionu n\u011bmeck\u00fdch firem jsou vlastn\u00edci ve v\u011bku 55 let a v\u00edce. Podle pr\u016fzkum\u016f obchodn\u00edch a pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch komor budou m\u00edt t\u0159i \u010dtvrtiny t\u011bchto firem, tedy asi 800 tis\u00edc, v horizontu deseti let zna\u010dn\u00fd probl\u00e9m naj\u00edt n\u00e1stupce. \u010casto se ani p\u0159i dobr\u00e9 hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 situaci neda\u0159\u00ed naj\u00edt n\u011bkoho, kdo by firmu p\u0159evzal.<\/p>\n

Na t\u00e9to slo\u017eit\u00e9 situaci m\u00e1 sv\u016fj pod\u00edl nejen demografie, ale i politika. Podle aktu\u00e1ln\u00edho reportu DIHK vzrostl pod\u00edl potenci\u00e1ln\u00edch n\u00e1stupc\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed vid\u00ed probl\u00e9m v d\u011bdick\u00e9 dani. V roce 2016 do\u0161lo v N\u011bmecku k reform\u011b d\u011bdick\u00e9 dan\u011b. V jej\u00edm d\u016fsledku o\u010dek\u00e1vaj\u00ed mo\u017en\u00ed n\u00e1stupci v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed da\u0148ov\u00e9 zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed.
\n
\nCo je pot\u0159eba ud\u011blat \u2013 agenda pro mal\u00e9 a st\u0159edn\u00ed podniky<\/strong>
\nZku\u0161enosti firem ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee nyn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed velmi dobr\u00e1 ekonomick\u00e1 situace v N\u011bmecku nen\u00ed samoz\u0159ejmost\u00ed. Pokud by politika usnula na vav\u0159\u00ednech, mohlo by se j\u00ed to vymst\u00edt v dob\u00e1ch zpomalen\u00ed ekonomiky. D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 jsou n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed body:
\n– nov\u00fd z\u00e1kon o odbour\u00e1n\u00ed byrokracie, kter\u00fd p\u0159inese znatelnou \u00falevu hlavn\u011b mal\u00fdm a st\u0159edn\u00edm podnik\u016fm
\n– zdan\u011bn\u00ed firem, kter\u00e9 bude p\u0159\u00edzniv\u00e9 pro investov\u00e1n\u00ed; k tomu pat\u0159\u00ed \u00falevy na dani z p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f, modern\u00ed syst\u00e9m ode\u010dt\u016f z dan\u00ed, m\u00e9n\u011b da\u0148ov\u00e9 byrokracie a v neposledn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b d\u011bdick\u00e1 da\u0148, kter\u00e1 odpov\u00edd\u00e1 praxi a je naklon\u011bn\u00e1 mal\u00fdm a st\u0159edn\u011b velk\u00fdm podnik\u016fm
\n– pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed digitalizace \u2013 vybudov\u00e1n\u00ed plo\u0161n\u00e9 optick\u00e9 infrastruktury a digitalizace st\u00e1tn\u00ed spr\u00e1vy
\n– rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 opravy a roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed dopravn\u00ed infrastruktury
\n– omezen\u00ed n\u00e1klad\u016f na energetickou transformaci a sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed pod\u00edlu st\u00e1tu na n\u00e1kladech za energie
\n– mal\u00e9 a st\u0159edn\u00ed podniky pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed chytr\u00e9 a motivovan\u00e9 lidi; k zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed pracovn\u00edch sil pat\u0159\u00ed pos\u00edlen\u00ed odborn\u00e9ho vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, nav\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed kapacit p\u0159ed\u0161koln\u00edch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, \u0159\u00edzen\u00e1 imigrace kvalifikovan\u00fdch osob a zintenzivn\u011bn\u00ed informov\u00e1n\u00ed zahrani\u010d\u00ed o dobr\u00fdch kari\u00e9rn\u00edch perspektiv\u00e1ch v N\u011bmecku.<\/p>\n

Z tohoto pohledu d\u00e1v\u00e1 koali\u010dn\u00ed smlouva rozporupln\u00e9 sign\u00e1ly, v neposledn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 politick\u00fdm kompromisem. Lze proto bohu\u017eel o\u010dek\u00e1vat vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed mzdov\u00e9 n\u00e1klady a nov\u00e9 regulace. Velkou slabinou je rezignace na sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed dan\u00ed firem. Posledn\u00ed velk\u00e1 reforma zdan\u011bn\u00ed podnik\u016f v N\u011bmecku prob\u011bhla p\u0159ed deseti lety. Podniky nemohou po\u010d\u00edtat ani se sn\u00ed\u017een\u00edm cen za elekt\u0159inu. Pozitivn\u00ed je ur\u010dit\u011b jednozna\u010dn\u00fd z\u00e1vazek k v\u00fdstavb\u011b rozvodn\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b. Slibn\u00e9 jsou c\u00edle pro oblast vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, dopravu a v\u00fdstavbu \u0161irokop\u00e1smov\u00e9ho p\u0159ipojen\u00ed. Pro mal\u00e9 a st\u0159edn\u00ed firmy je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 ohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00e9 sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed byrokracie, nap\u0159\u00edklad v da\u0148ov\u00e9m pr\u00e1vu nebo p\u0159i schvalov\u00e1n\u00ed \u00fazemn\u00edho pl\u00e1nu a ud\u011blov\u00e1n\u00ed stavebn\u00edch povolen\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Nov\u00e1 spolkov\u00e1 vl\u00e1da ud\u011bl\u00e1 jen dob\u0159e, bude-li db\u00e1t na dobrou hospod\u00e1\u0159skou politiku pro mal\u00e9 a st\u0159edn\u00ed podniky. Obchodn\u00ed a pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 komory jsou zde partnerem pro odbornou firemn\u00ed expert\u00edzu.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Dr. Marc Evers, N\u011bmeck\u00fd sn\u011bm obchodn\u00edch a pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch komor
\nP\u011bt m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f od voleb a st\u00e1le nen\u00ed nov\u00e1 vl\u00e1da. Situace, na kterou si N\u011bmci mus\u00ed teprve zvykat. V dob\u011b redak\u010dn\u00ed uz\u00e1v\u011brky to vypadalo na pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed dosavadn\u00ed velk\u00e9 koalice konzervativn\u00ed unie CDU\/CSU a soci\u00e1ln\u00ed demokracie (SPD), kter\u00e9 se dohodly na zn\u011bn\u00ed koali\u010dn\u00ed smlouvy.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1267,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[25,110],"tags":[59],"class_list":["post-1178","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analyza-de-nur-tschechisch","category-plus-01-2018","tag-deutschlandnemecko"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.0","language":"cz","enabled_languages":["de","cz"],"languages":{"de":{"title":true,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"cz":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":true}}},"yoast_head":"\nCo \u017e\u00e1daj\u00ed mal\u00e9 a st\u0159edn\u00ed podniky \u2013 doporu\u010den\u00ed pro n\u011bmeckou politiku - 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