{"id":6771,"date":"2021-10-27T12:39:42","date_gmt":"2021-10-27T10:39:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/emagazin.plus\/?p=6771"},"modified":"2025-02-06T14:48:41","modified_gmt":"2025-02-06T13:48:41","slug":"die-zukunft-von-auto-und-mobilitaet","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/emagazin.plus\/cz\/die-zukunft-von-auto-und-mobilitaet\/","title":{"rendered":"Budoucnost automobilu a mobility"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Rozhovor se Zde\u0148kem Petzlem, v\u00fdkonn\u00fdm \u0159editelem Sdru\u017een\u00ed automobilov\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslu a Kurtem Siglem, prezidentem N\u011bmeck\u00e9ho svazu e-mobility.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bateriov\u00e9 versus vod\u00edkov\u00e9 e-pohony? Jedna z mnoha ot\u00e1zek, kter\u00e1 vis\u00ed nad automobilov\u00fdm pr\u016fmyslem. Udr\u017eiteln\u00e1 transformace k elektromobilit\u011b umocn\u011bn\u00e1 zm\u011bnami v dodavatelsk\u00fdch struktur\u00e1ch a dopady zt\u00ed\u017een\u00e9 v\u00fdroby je v\u00fdzvou pro \u010deskou i n\u011bmeckou ekonomiku, kter\u00e9 v lo\u0148sk\u00e9m roce vyrobily 1,2 mil. (\u010cesko) a 3,5 mil. automobil\u016f (N\u011bmecko). Co pokrok m\u016f\u017ee brzdit a jak\u00fdm sm\u011brem se elektromobilita bude ub\u00edrat? Na to jsme se zeptali prezidenta N\u011bmeck\u00e9ho svazu e-mobility (BME) a v\u00fdkonn\u00e9ho \u0159editele \u010desk\u00e9ho Sdru\u017een\u00ed automobilov\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslu (AutoSAP).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Role bateriov\u00e9ho e-pohonu a nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eky?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Zden\u011bk Petzl,
v\u00fdkonn\u00fd \u0159editel
Sdru\u017een\u00ed automobilov\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslu (AutoSAP)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

ZP:<\/em><\/strong> Bateriov\u00e1 elektromobilita je v\u00a0sou\u010dasn\u00e9 chv\u00edli nejpokro\u010dilej\u0161\u00ed technologi\u00ed \u010dist\u00e9 mobility, kter\u00e1 n\u00e1s posouv\u00e1 na cest\u011b k\u00a0c\u00edli klimatick\u00e9 neutrality. Je to patrn\u00e9 nejen z\u00a0v\u00fdrobn\u00edch pl\u00e1n\u016f jednotliv\u00fdch zna\u010dek, ale nakonec to ukazuje i po\u010det elektromobil\u016f, kter\u00fd na hlavn\u00edch glob\u00e1ln\u00edch trz\u00edch, jako je \u010c\u00edna, EU \u010di USA, v uplynul\u00fdch deseti letech v\u00fdrazn\u011b roste. Zat\u00edmco v roce 2013 jich bylo okolo 400 tis\u00edc, o dva roky pozd\u011bji u\u017e jejich po\u010det p\u0159es\u00e1hl milion a v lo\u0148sk\u00e9m roce p\u0159es\u00e1hl celkov\u00fd po\u010det elektromobil\u016f 10 milion\u016f. I v\u00a0dne\u0161n\u00ed dob\u011b v\u0161ak zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed dostate\u010dn\u00e9ho z\u00e1kaznick\u00e9ho komfortu vy\u017eaduje hodn\u011b \u00fasil\u00ed a pro \u0159adu trh\u016f sv\u011bta se jedn\u00e1 pouze o \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dnou alternativu. Zejm\u00e9na pro Evropu je tak \u00fakolem roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed dob\u00edjec\u00ed infrastruktury a sou\u010dasn\u011b sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed po\u0159izovac\u00ed ceny elektromobil\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

KS:<\/em><\/strong> Elektromobilita z\u00edskala v N\u011bmecku \u00fa\u017easnou dynamiku. Po dlouh\u00e9m obdob\u00ed tahanic, f\u00e1m a r\u016fzn\u00fdch roztr\u017eek se nyn\u00ed i mezi odborn\u00edky za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 prosazovat n\u00e1zor, \u017ee nejlep\u0161\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed pro individu\u00e1ln\u00ed dopravu p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed bateriov\u00e9 elektrick\u00e9 vozy vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed elekt\u0159inu z\u00a0obnoviteln\u00fdch zdroj\u016f. D\u016fvodem jsou nejen st\u00e1le kvalitn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed baterie i vozidla, ale tak\u00e9 efektivita celkov\u00e9 koncepce. K\u00a0elektrick\u00e9 s\u00edti se m\u016f\u017eete p\u0159ipojit v\u00a0podstat\u011b kdekoliv a elekt\u0159ina bude z dlouhodob\u00e9ho hlediska cenov\u011b dostupn\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Role vod\u00edkov\u00e9ho pohonu a nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eky?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Kurt Sigl,
prezident N\u011bmeck\u00e9ho svazu e-mobility<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

ZP:<\/em><\/strong> Vod\u00edk je pr\u00e1vem sklo\u0148ov\u00e1n jako palivo budoucnosti. Jakkoli v\u00fdrobci ji\u017e dnes uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed nov\u00e9 osobn\u00ed i n\u00e1kladn\u00ed modely na trh, u t\u00e9to technologie jsme teprve na za\u010d\u00e1tku. Tak jako u bateriov\u00fdch elektromobil\u016f je dal\u0161\u00ed rozvoj omezov\u00e1n nedostate\u010dnou infrastrukturou, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed v\u00fdzvou bude ekologick\u00e1 v\u00fdroba vod\u00edku. P\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm pro t\u011b\u017ekou dopravu \u2013 a\u0165 u\u017e silni\u010dn\u00ed, lodn\u00ed nebo dokonce leteckou \u2013 m\u016f\u017ee ale vod\u00edk b\u00fdt pr\u00e1v\u011b t\u00edm pohonem, kter\u00fd v\u00a0p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edch dek\u00e1d\u00e1ch spole\u010dnosti dopom\u016f\u017ee k\u00a0celkov\u00e9 redukci CO2<\/sub> z\u00a0dopravy t\u0159eba a\u017e sm\u011brem k\u00a0nule.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

KS:<\/em><\/strong> Vod\u00edkov\u00e1 elektromobilita nem\u00e1 v individu\u00e1ln\u00ed doprav\u011b smysl, bezpochyby ale najde vyu\u017eit\u00ed v\u00a0pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch aplikac\u00edch a p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitostn\u011b tak\u00e9 v t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 n\u00e1kladn\u00ed nebo lodn\u00ed doprav\u011b. Je pot\u0159eba si uv\u011bdomit, \u017ee pro v\u00fdrobu zelen\u00e9ho vod\u00edku se mus\u00ed nov\u011b postavit obrovsk\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, co\u017e si vybere svou ekologickou da\u0148. Samotn\u00e1 v\u00fdroba vod\u00edku je energeticky velmi n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e1, a proto je vod\u00edk velmi drah\u00fd. Vod\u00edkov\u00fd pohon b\u00fdv\u00e1 ozna\u010dov\u00e1n za \u201e\u0161ampa\u0148sk\u00e9\u201c a bude se pou\u017e\u00edvat pouze ve vybran\u00fdch sektorech.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Jak\u00e9 zm\u011bny \u010dek\u00e1 dodavatelsk\u00fd pr\u016fmysl?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

ZP:<\/em><\/strong> Tak jako v\u00fdrobci automobil\u016f se i dodavatel\u00e9 mus\u00ed d\u016fsledn\u011b p\u0159ipravit na p\u0159echod k\u00a0\u010dist\u00e9 mobilit\u011b a vyu\u017e\u00edt prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00ed transformaci k\u00a0pos\u00edlen\u00ed pozice tuzemsk\u00e9ho autopr\u016fmyslu v\u00a0r\u00e1mci glob\u00e1ln\u00edch \u0159et\u011bzc\u016f. \u0158ada \u010desk\u00fdch dodavatel\u016f p\u0159i tom ji\u017e dnes vyr\u00e1b\u00ed nebo vyv\u00edj\u00ed produkty, kter\u00e9 najdou uplatn\u011bn\u00ed ve vozidlech s\u00a0nov\u00fdmi pohony. Osobn\u011b vn\u00edm\u00e1m, \u017ee dodavatel\u00e9 se na nov\u00e9 trendy sv\u011bdomit\u011b p\u0159ipravuj\u00ed, a\u0165 ji\u017e diverzifikac\u00ed st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edch portfoli\u00ed \u010di snahou d\u00e1le zefektivnit svou produkci nap\u0159. pomoc\u00ed investic do robotizace a automatizace v\u00fdroby, tedy zav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00edm prvk\u016f pr\u016fmyslu\u00a04.0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

KS:<\/em><\/strong> Dodavatelsk\u00fd pr\u016fmysl proch\u00e1z\u00ed intenzivn\u00ed transformac\u00ed. V\u00a0N\u011bmeck\u00e9m svazu elektromobility to mysl\u00edme doslova, proto\u017ee elektromobilita nezahrnuje jen n\u00e1kup nov\u00fdch vozidel, ale tak\u00e9 \u00fadr\u017ebu podvozku a v\u00fdm\u011bnu pohonn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu. Jedn\u00e1 se o tzv. retrofit (v\u00fdm\u011bna st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed technologie za nov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, modern\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, \u00fa\u010dinn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a \u00fasporn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, pozn. redakce), kter\u00fd vdechne star\u00fdm vozidl\u016fm druh\u00fd \u017eivot, a ta pak nebudou jezdit v\u00a0zem\u00edch t\u0159et\u00edho sv\u011bta. Velmi si v\u00e1\u017e\u00edme v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed odv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed skv\u011blou pr\u00e1ci zejm\u00e9na na poli autobusov\u00e9 a ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 dopravy, ale tak\u00e9 u u\u017eitkov\u00fdch vozidel v komun\u00e1ln\u00edm sektoru.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Jakou roli m\u00e1 politika p\u0159i udr\u017een\u00ed konkurenceschopnosti?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

ZP:<\/em><\/strong> Tolik pot\u0159ebn\u00e1 diskuze a spolupr\u00e1ce mezi soukrom\u00fdm a ve\u0159ejn\u00fdm sektorem se \u010dasto omezuje pouze na t\u00e9ma nov\u00fdch bezemisn\u00edch vozidel. Proto, aby dom\u00e1c\u00ed automobilov\u00fd pr\u016fmysl i nad\u00e1le p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161el \u010cesk\u00e9 republice v\u0161echny benefity, a\u0165 u\u017e jde o jeho desetiprocentn\u00ed pod\u00edl na tvorb\u011b HDP \u010di jeho p\u0159\u00ednos coby \u0161t\u011bdr\u00e9ho a spolehliv\u00e9ho zam\u011bstnavatele, je zapot\u0159eb\u00ed prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00ed diskuzi zintenzivnit a p\u0159ipravit syst\u00e9movou podporu transformace odv\u011btv\u00ed nejen pokud jde o samotn\u00fd produkt, tzn. elektrifikovan\u00e9 vozidlo, ale i z\u00a0hlediska pos\u00edlen\u00ed automatizace a digitalizace jeho v\u00fdroby. Jen takov\u00e1 strategie m\u016f\u017ee \u010cR p\u0159in\u00e9st budouc\u00ed \u00fasp\u011bch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

KS:<\/em><\/strong> Politici dosud nezah\u00e1jili d\u016fslednou transformaci dopravy. N\u011bmeck\u00fd st\u00e1t st\u00e1le dotuje naftu a podporuje n\u00e1kup vozidel se spalovac\u00edm motorem. Benzinov\u00e9 a dieselov\u00e9 automobily se mohou registrovat bez omezen\u00ed a \u0159ada politik\u016f chce lidem namluvit, \u017ee dobrou investic\u00ed do rozvoje mobility jsou dotace na v\u00fdvoj vod\u00edkov\u00fdch pohon\u016f. Jsou to ov\u0161em zbyte\u010dn\u011b vyhozen\u00e9 miliardy, p\u0159\u00e1n\u00ed a realita se rozch\u00e1zej\u00ed. Tato opat\u0159en\u00ed po\u0161kozuj\u00ed firmy, kter\u00e9 pak nemaj\u00ed dostate\u010dnou podporu p\u0159i opravdu d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 transformaci. Jeliko\u017e nyn\u00ed i v Bruselu nab\u00edr\u00e1 na obr\u00e1tk\u00e1ch projedn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed t\u00e9matu ochrany klimatu, zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee zejm\u00e9na n\u011bmeck\u00e1 hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e1 politika za inova\u010dn\u00edmi l\u00eddry v\u00fdrazn\u011b zaost\u00e1v\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Kr\u00e1tk\u00e1 progn\u00f3za v\u00fdvoje trhu:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

ZP:<\/em><\/strong> Pandemie koronaviru v roce 2020 zas\u00e1hla automobilov\u00fd pr\u016fmysl velmi tvrd\u011b. Produkce osobn\u00edch vozidel poklesla t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 o p\u011btinu, celkov\u00e9 tr\u017eby a export o desetinu. I p\u0159es velmi slibn\u00fd n\u00e1b\u011bh v\u00fdroby na konci roku 2020 a v\u00a0prvn\u00ed polovin\u011b 2021 dal\u0161\u00ed kola pandemie nad\u00e1le naru\u0161uj\u00ed glob\u00e1ln\u00ed dodavatelsk\u00e9 a logistick\u00e9 \u0159et\u011bzce. V\u00a0d\u016fsledku obrovsk\u00e9 popt\u00e1vky trv\u00e1 na cel\u00e9m trhu kritick\u00fd nedostatek polovodi\u010d\u016f, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 u \u0159ady v\u00fdrobc\u016f za n\u00e1sledek omezov\u00e1n\u00ed sm\u011bn \u010di dokonce pozastaven\u00ed v\u00fdroby. O\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1me, \u017ee v\u00a0tomto roce kv\u016fli tomuto probl\u00e9mu \u010cesk\u00e1 republika nevyrob\u00ed zhruba 140 tis\u00edc vozidel. Je patrn\u00e9, \u017ee nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d odv\u011btv\u00edmi posiluj\u00ed infla\u010dn\u00ed tlaky, kter\u00e9 \u017eiv\u00ed nahromad\u011bn\u00e1 popt\u00e1vka a nedostatek surovin. P\u0159esto chci v\u011b\u0159it, \u017ee toto obdob\u00ed nejistoty se n\u00e1m poda\u0159\u00ed p\u0159ekonat a ji\u017e v\u00a0pr\u016fb\u011bhu roku 2022, nejpozd\u011bji pak 2023, se trhy a s\u00a0nimi i v\u00fdroba v\u00a0automotive budou stabilizovat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

KS:<\/em><\/strong> \u201eNov\u00e1 mobilita\u201c s\u00a0bateriov\u00fdmi elektromobily se bude d\u00e1le rychle rozv\u00edjet, proto\u017ee spot\u0159ebitel\u00e9 si uv\u011bdomuj\u00ed, \u017ee mohou u\u0161et\u0159it spoustu pen\u011bz. A to nejen d\u00edky ekologick\u00e9mu bonusu, ale tak\u00e9 co se t\u00fd\u010de n\u00e1klad\u016f na opravy a provoz a uhl\u00edkov\u00e9 dan\u011b. P\u0159i n\u00e1kupu \u0159ady vozidel ji\u017e byla dosa\u017eena cenov\u00e1 parita. U v\u00fdrobc\u016f je situace r\u016fzn\u00e1. Nejprod\u00e1van\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi \u010dist\u00fdmi elektromobily v\u00a0N\u011bmecku jsou VW, Smart, Tesla, Hyundai a Renault. N\u011bmeck\u00e9 automobilky se v segmentu e-aut o p\u0159\u00edze\u0148 z\u00e1kazn\u00edk\u016f p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 neuch\u00e1zej\u00ed a nad\u00e1le produkuj\u00ed vozidla se spalovac\u00edm motorem a hybridy. N\u011bkter\u00e9 automobilky sice zve\u0159ej\u0148uj\u00ed budouc\u00ed strategie, nikdo ale nedok\u00e1\u017ee seri\u00f3zn\u011b posoudit, zda je to dostate\u010dn\u00e9 a jak\u00e1 bude popt\u00e1vka po jejich v\u00fdrobc\u00edch. Ti, kte\u0159\u00ed v\u011b\u0159\u00ed tomu, \u017ee se spalovac\u00ed motory budou vyr\u00e1b\u011bt i nad\u00e1le, budou na stran\u011b pora\u017een\u00fdch, podobn\u011b jako jejich z\u00e1kazn\u00edci, kte\u0159\u00ed budou muset po\u010d\u00edtat s vysokou uhl\u00edkovou dan\u00ed. Ten, kdo tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee bateriov\u00fd elektrick\u00fd pohon je pouze p\u0159echodn\u00fdm \u0159e\u0161en\u00edm na cest\u011b k\u00a0dal\u0161\u00ed chytr\u00e9 technologii, se m\u00fdl\u00ed a jen se sna\u017e\u00ed akademicky odd\u00e1lit vlastn\u00ed transformaci, kter\u00e1 je po rozhodnut\u00ed n\u011bmeck\u00e9ho \u00fastavn\u00edho soudu z Karlsruhe nevyhnuteln\u00e1 (Soud ulo\u017eil z\u00e1konod\u00e1rc\u016fm, aby v novele klimatick\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona do konce p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edho roku jasn\u011bji definovali prost\u0159edky, kter\u00fdmi cht\u011bj\u00ed dos\u00e1hnout klimatick\u00fdch c\u00edl\u016f po roce 2030, pozn. redakce). Zm\u011bny jsou nezbytn\u00e9 a ji\u017e dlouho tak\u00e9 provediteln\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Fotos: AutoSAP, BEM; Grzegorz Czapski \/ Shutterstock.com<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Bateriov\u00e9 versus vod\u00edkov\u00e9 e-pohony? Jedna z mnoha ot\u00e1zek, kter\u00e1 vis\u00ed nad automobilov\u00fdm pr\u016fmyslem. Udr\u017eiteln\u00e1 transformace k elektromobilit\u011b umocn\u011bn\u00e1 zm\u011bnami v dodavatelsk\u00fdch struktur\u00e1ch a dopady zt\u00ed\u017een\u00e9 v\u00fdroby je v\u00fdzvou pro \u010deskou i n\u011bmeckou ekonomiku, kter\u00e9 v lo\u0148sk\u00e9m roce vyrobily 1,2 mil. (\u010cesko) a 3,5 mil. automobil\u016f (N\u011bmecko). Co pokrok m\u016f\u017ee brzdit a jak\u00fdm sm\u011brem se elektromobilita bude ub\u00edrat? Na to jsme se zeptali prezidenta N\u011bmeck\u00e9ho svazu e-mobility (BME) a v\u00fdkonn\u00e9ho \u0159editele \u010desk\u00e9ho Sdru\u017een\u00ed automobilov\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslu (AutoSAP). <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6753,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[22,280,25],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6771","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analyse-cz","category-mobilita","category-analyza-de-nur-tschechisch"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.0","language":"cz","enabled_languages":["de","cz"],"languages":{"de":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":true},"cz":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":true}}},"yoast_head":"\nBudoucnost automobilu a mobility - 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