{"id":6871,"date":"2021-12-15T16:37:05","date_gmt":"2021-12-15T15:37:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/emagazin.plus\/?p=6871"},"modified":"2025-02-06T14:04:25","modified_gmt":"2025-02-06T13:04:25","slug":"interview-mit-dr-volkhardt-kruse","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/emagazin.plus\/cz\/interview-mit-dr-volkhardt-kruse\/","title":{"rendered":"“N\u00e1vrat k norm\u00e1lu” – Rozhovor s Dr. Volkhardtem Kruse, \u0161\u00e9fem Commerzbank \/ CZ"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Volkhardt Kruse \u0159adu let \u017eil a pracoval v Commerzbank v jednom z nejzaj\u00edmav\u011bj\u0161\u00edch m\u00edst a finan\u010dn\u00edch center: v Hongkongu. Asijskou perspektivu si p\u0159inesl s sebou, kdy\u017e letos v l\u00e9t\u011b nahradil Michaela T. Kr\u00fcgera ve funkci \u0161\u00e9fa Commerzbank AG pro \u010ceskou republiku a Slovensko. Plat\u00ed to i pro zelenou transformaci, kterou Volkhardt Kruse pova\u017euje za sou\u010d\u00e1st \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed aktu\u00e1ln\u00edch probl\u00e9m\u016f.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pane Dr. Kruse, n\u011bkolik let jste \u017eil a pracoval v Hongkongu. V \u010dervnu jste v Praze po Michaelu T. Kr\u00fcgerovi p\u0159evzal veden\u00ed Commerzbank AG pro \u010ceskou republiku a Slovensko. Va\u0161e \u017eena je rodil\u00e1 \u010ce\u0161ka. M\u011bl jste tady v srdci Evropy m\u011bkk\u00e9<\/strong> p\u0159ist\u00e1n\u00ed, nebo to byl sp\u00ed\u0161e tvrd\u00fd dopad?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0158ekl bych, \u017ee to bylo m\u011bkk\u00e9 p\u0159ist\u00e1n\u00ed. M\u011bl jsem \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed, \u017ee jsem p\u0159ijel v l\u00e9t\u011b, co\u017e bylo velmi p\u0159\u00edjemn\u00e9. Hongkong je profesn\u011b i kulturn\u011b velmi zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 m\u011bsto. Ale je tak\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edjemn\u00e9 b\u00fdt zp\u00e1tky v Evrop\u011b. Praha je skv\u011bl\u00e9 m\u011bsto. S man\u017eelkou si to tady velmi u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u0159i\u0161el jste sem v ekonomicky napjat\u00e9 situaci. R\u00e1mcov\u00e9 podm\u00ednky jsou v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b velmi nep\u0159\u00edzniv\u00e9. M\u00e1me tady pandemii, probl\u00e9my v dodavatelsk\u00fdch \u0159et\u011bzc\u00edch a vysok\u00e9 ceny energi\u00ed. Krom\u011b toho v\u00fdrazn\u011b roste st\u00e1tn\u00ed dluh \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky, te\u010f se pohybuje kolem 45 % hrub\u00e9ho dom\u00e1c\u00edho produktu. Jak se podle v\u00e1s v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b da\u0159\u00ed \u010desk\u00e9 ekonomice?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

S koronavirovou pandemi\u00ed se pot\u00fdkaj\u00ed v\u0161echna odv\u011btv\u00ed. Probl\u00e9my se z\u00e1sobov\u00e1n\u00edm budou firmy tr\u00e1pit i v p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edm roce. \u010cesk\u00e1 republika v\u0161ak z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 zaj\u00edmavou pr\u016fmyslovou lokalitou a zat\u00edm se j\u00ed da\u0159\u00ed. Rostouc\u00ed zadlu\u017een\u00ed kriticky vn\u00edmaj\u00ed i samotn\u00ed \u010ce\u0161i. Ka\u017ed\u00fd si nyn\u00ed mus\u00ed polo\u017eit ot\u00e1zku, za co utr\u00e1c\u00ed sv\u00e9 pen\u00edze. Mohou to b\u00fdt investice do infrastruktury, kter\u00e9 se v dlouhodob\u00e9m horizontu projev\u00ed ve zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed produktivity a efektivity ekonomiky, nebo se pen\u00edze pou\u017eij\u00ed jako transfer p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f a spot\u0159eby. Mysl\u00edm si, \u017ee trend je st\u00e1le pozitivn\u00ed, p\u0159esto\u017ee n\u00e1s, kdy\u017e vid\u00edme rostouc\u00ed po\u010dty naka\u017een\u00fdch koronavirem, \u010dek\u00e1 n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e1 zima.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“B\u00fdt schopen pokr\u00fdt svou spot\u0159ebu energie”<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kv\u016fli rychle rostouc\u00ed inflaci \u010cesk\u00e1 n\u00e1rodn\u00ed banka n\u011bkolikr\u00e1t zv\u00fd\u0161ila z\u00e1kladn\u00ed \u00farokovou sazbu, naposledy za\u010d\u00e1tkem listopadu o cel\u00fdch 1,25 procentn\u00edho bodu. Jak\u00e1 byla va\u0161e prvn\u00ed spont\u00e1nn\u00ed reakce?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sledoval jsem to se z\u00e1jmem. Posledn\u00ed zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed \u00farokov\u00fdch sazeb bylo vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e jsem o\u010dek\u00e1val. Reakce byly r\u016fzn\u00e9 a hodn\u011b se o tom diskutovalo, ale trend je jasn\u00fd: \u00darokov\u00e1 sazba se bude d\u00e1le zvy\u0161ovat. Co se t\u00fdk\u00e1 ot\u00e1zky \u201eJakou politiku \u00farokov\u00fdch sazeb by m\u011bly centr\u00e1ln\u00ed banky prov\u00e1d\u011bt?\u201c, uvid\u00edme a\u017e s odstupem \u010dasu, kdo m\u011bl v \u010dem pravdu. Ve sv\u011bt\u011b jsou velmi rozd\u00edln\u00e9 strategie. Pro m\u011b je to podobn\u00e9 jako to, jak r\u016fzn\u00e9 kultury \u0159e\u0161\u00ed koronavirovou pandemii. N\u011bkdy jsou p\u0159\u00edstupy velmi odli\u0161n\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u016f\u017ee pom\u011brn\u011b mal\u00e1 ekonomika, jako je ta \u010desk\u00e1, pomoc\u00ed n\u00e1rodn\u00ed \u00farokov\u00e9 politiky v\u016fbec n\u011bjak smyslupln\u011b ovliv\u0148ovat mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed m\u011bnovou politiku? Mezi korunou a eurem existuje i nep\u0159\u00edm\u00e1 vazba, a to jednodu\u0161e proto, \u017ee cel\u00fdch 80 % \u010desk\u00e9ho exportu sm\u011b\u0159uje do Evropsk\u00e9 unie, a tedy i do euroz\u00f3ny. Jak d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 je tedy takov\u00e9 rozhodnut\u00ed centr\u00e1ln\u00ed banky v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice, a to i na pozad\u00ed toho, \u017ee Evropsk\u00e1 centr\u00e1ln\u00ed banka pokra\u010duje v politice nulov\u00fdch \u00farokov\u00fdch sazeb?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u010cesk\u00e1 n\u00e1rodn\u00ed banka p\u0159ijala d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 rozhodnut\u00ed. Siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed koruna je samoz\u0159ejm\u011b pro exportn\u011b orientovanou ekonomiku v\u00fdzvou. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 je to v\u0161ak v men\u0161\u00ed ekonomice jasn\u00fd sign\u00e1l stability. Nevid\u00edm v tom \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 riziko. Osobn\u011b p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1m, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00e1 centr\u00e1ln\u00ed banka si pro svou m\u011bnovou oblast bude kl\u00e1st stejn\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky a podle toho pak bude reagovat. Pokud jde o inflaci a jej\u00ed trv\u00e1n\u00ed, mysl\u00edm, \u017ee ECB m\u00e1 jin\u00e1 o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed ne\u017e \u010cesk\u00e1 n\u00e1rodn\u00ed banka. ECB st\u00e1le vych\u00e1z\u00ed z toho, \u017ee sou\u010dasn\u00fd prudk\u00fd n\u00e1r\u016fst inflace je jednor\u00e1zov\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n

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Commerzbank, Praha 2<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Kritici tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee opat\u0159en\u00ed budou<\/strong> m\u00edt za n\u00e1sledek zbrzd\u011bn\u00ed hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho o\u017eiven\u00ed, \u017ee inflace je pouze importovan\u00e1. \u010cek\u00e1 n\u00e1s stagflace?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mysl\u00edm si, \u017ee je p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 brzy na to, aby se pou\u017e\u00edvala takto siln\u00e1 slova. V posledn\u00edch letech jsme m\u011bli co do \u010din\u011bn\u00ed s celkov\u011b velmi uvoln\u011bnou m\u011bnovou politikou. \u010cas uk\u00e1\u017ee, do jak\u00e9 m\u00edry byl kter\u00fd efekt spr\u00e1vn\u00fd. A to tak\u00e9 z\u00e1vis\u00ed na v\u00fdvoji r\u016fzn\u00fdch m\u011bnov\u00fdch trh\u016f, za kter\u00fd jsou pak odpov\u011bdn\u00e9 centr\u00e1ln\u00ed banky. \u010cesk\u00e1 republika m\u00e1 jinou strukturu ekonomiky ne\u017e ostatn\u00ed evropsk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Co to znamen\u00e1 pro firmy?<\/strong> Velk\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st na\u0161ich \u010dlen\u016f jsou v\u00fdrobn\u00ed firmy. Nebude pro n\u011b listopadov\u00e9 zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed \u00farokov\u00fdch sazeb v podstat\u011b investi\u010dn\u00edm zabij\u00e1kem?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dav\u011bry z dne\u0161n\u00edho pohledu zdra\u017euj\u00ed, ale ve skute\u010dnosti se dost\u00e1v\u00e1me na b\u011b\u017enou \u00farove\u0148. D\u0159\u00edve se finan\u010dn\u00ed sv\u011bt vyzna\u010doval zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edmi efekty. Pro \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed ekonomiky nen\u00ed zdrav\u00e9, kdy\u017e \u00fav\u011bry v podstat\u011b nic nestoj\u00ed. To nen\u00ed norm\u00e1ln\u00ed. To si neust\u00e1le mus\u00edme p\u0159ipom\u00ednat. A je jasn\u00e9, \u017ee tento n\u00e1vrat k norm\u00e1lu s sebou ponese i pot\u00ed\u017ee a \u017ee se na za\u010d\u00e1tku objev\u00ed k\u0159ik. U investic je prvn\u00ed p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eka vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed, ale celkov\u011b se vrac\u00edme k norm\u00e1ln\u00edmu v\u00fdvoji trhu jako celku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm slovem pro zelenou transformaci a udr\u017eiteln\u00e9 technologie jsou investice. Zelen\u00e1 dohoda je velk\u00fdm projektem Evropsk\u00e9 komise pod veden\u00edm Ursuly von der Leyenov\u00e9. M\u00e1 zelen\u00e1 transformace pod\u00edl na<\/strong> sou\u010dasn\u00fdch probl\u00e9mech, nebo je to sp\u00ed\u0161e \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed dlouhodob\u00e9ho a nezbytn\u00e9ho \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nemysl\u00edm si, \u017ee zelen\u00e1 transformace je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed probl\u00e9mu. Na to je toto t\u00e9ma p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 nov\u00e9. Douf\u00e1m v\u0161ak, \u017ee v budoucnu bude sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed. Znamen\u00e1 dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdzvu v procesu p\u0159izp\u016fsobov\u00e1n\u00ed a obnovy rovnov\u00e1hy ekonomiky. Domn\u00edv\u00e1m se v\u0161ak, \u017ee ekonomiky, kter\u00e9 zah\u00e1jily industrializaci a za\u010daly vypou\u0161t\u011bt velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed CO2, by nyn\u00ed m\u011bly tak\u00e9 iniciovat zm\u011bnu. M\u011bli by n\u00e9st odpov\u011bdnost a p\u0159evz\u00edt vedouc\u00ed \u00falohu i v t\u00e9to oblasti. To kr\u00e1tkodob\u011b zt\u00ed\u017e\u00ed konkurenci, ale dlouhodob\u011b to nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt nev\u00fdhoda. Z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed tak\u00e9 na tom, jak se k tomu postav\u00ed trhy. Tento probl\u00e9m je glob\u00e1ln\u00ed a lze jej \u0159e\u0161it pouze glob\u00e1ln\u011b. To se v\u0161ak nepovede na prvn\u00ed konferenci. V\u00fdchoz\u00ed podm\u00ednky v\u0161ech zem\u00ed jsou natolik odli\u0161n\u00e9, \u017ee nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 v tak kr\u00e1tk\u00e9m \u010dasov\u00e9m horizontu dos\u00e1hnout shody. Jde o postupn\u00fd v\u00fdvoj a domn\u00edv\u00e1m se, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00e9 odv\u011btv\u00ed ekonomiky mus\u00ed ve sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed podob\u011b proj\u00edt touto transformac\u00ed sm\u011brem k ekologi\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed budoucnosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“Jasn\u00fd signal stability”<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

O jak\u00e9 \u00fav\u011bry nyn\u00ed firmy p\u0159ednostn\u011b \u017e\u00e1daj\u00ed,<\/strong> jak\u00e1 jsou t\u00e9mata? Do \u010deho firmy investuj\u00ed?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

To samoz\u0159ejm\u011b hodn\u011b z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed na konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed firm\u011b. Dv\u011bma velk\u00fdmi t\u00e9maty jsou pro n\u00e1s p\u0159echod k udr\u017eitelnosti a ochrana klimatu. Existuje hodnocen\u00ed ESG, tj. environment\u00e1ln\u00ed, soci\u00e1ln\u00ed a spr\u00e1vn\u00ed hodnocen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 bude m\u00edt tak\u00e9 v budoucnu st\u00e1le v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdznam. Projev\u00ed se to i u klient\u016f, proto s nimi intenzivn\u011b hovo\u0159\u00edme o po\u017eadavc\u00edch. Firma k\u00f3tovan\u00e1 na burze m\u00e1 \u00fapln\u011b jin\u00e9 probl\u00e9my ne\u017e soukrom\u00e1 rodinn\u00e1 firma. P\u0159esto se transformace dotkne v\u0161ech.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nadefinovala si Commerzbank vlastn\u00ed pravidla udr\u017eitelnosti?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pracujeme na tom, spole\u010dn\u011b s klienty, abychom zv\u00fd\u0161ili pov\u011bdom\u00ed o t\u00e9to problematice. Budou se s t\u00edm muset vypo\u0159\u00e1dat v\u0161ichni, bude se tomu muset p\u0159izp\u016fsobit cel\u00fd finan\u010dn\u00ed sektor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Financovali byste je\u0161t\u011b uheln\u00fd projekt?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyn\u00ed se v\u0161e zdra\u017euje \u2013 kv\u016fli propad\u016fm v\u00fdroby, omezen\u00fdm dod\u00e1vk\u00e1m, nedostatku surovin, kv\u016fli p\u0159eru\u0161en\u00fdm dodavatelsk\u00fdm \u0159et\u011bzc\u016fm, rostouc\u00edm cen\u00e1m energi\u00ed\u2026 T\u00fdk\u00e1 se to v\u0161ech, v\u00fdrobn\u00edch podnik\u016f, obchodu, koncov\u00fdch z\u00e1kazn\u00edk\u016f, spot\u0159ebitel\u016f. Sou\u010dasn\u011b se zvy\u0161uje vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed tlak na firmy, aby jejich obchodn\u00ed aktivity a obchodn\u00ed modely byly udr\u017eiteln\u00e9. Z toho vznik\u00e1 ot\u00e1zka: Kdo to v\u0161echno bude platit?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vy a j\u00e1?!? Ale te\u010f v\u00e1\u017en\u011b. Je to slo\u017eit\u00e1 ot\u00e1zka. D\u0159\u00edve \u010di pozd\u011bji to budou muset spot\u0159ebitel\u00e9 zaplatit tak\u00e9 ve form\u011b dan\u00ed nebo vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch cen. Nakonec je to ot\u00e1zka jako u v\u0161ech investi\u010dn\u00edch projekt\u016f. Mus\u00edte zv\u00e1\u017eit, jak\u00e9 financov\u00e1n\u00ed je to prav\u00e9 pro dosa\u017een\u00ed va\u0161ich c\u00edl\u016f v ur\u010dit\u00e9m \u010dasov\u00e9m obdob\u00ed. Financov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u00e1 smysl pouze tehdy, pokud na n\u011bm nakonec m\u016f\u017eete op\u011bt vyd\u011blat. Mysl\u00edm, \u017ee je tak\u00e9 t\u0159eba v\u00e9st up\u0159\u00edmnou debatu o tom, co chcete a co nechcete. V ka\u017ed\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b je pot\u0159eba zajistit, aby hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed a dom\u00e1cnosti mohly pokr\u00fdt svou spot\u0159ebu energie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pane Dr. Kruse, poj\u010fme te\u010f je\u0161t\u011b ke Commerzbank v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice. N\u011bmeck\u00e1 mate\u0159sk\u00e1 spole\u010dnost uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee m\u011bla zisk t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 p\u016fl miliardy, tak\u017ee to vypad\u00e1 nad\u011bjn\u011b. Commerzbank m\u00e1 tak\u00e9 za sebou reformy. Jak\u00fd je sou\u010dasn\u00fd stav a jak\u00e9 jsou vyhl\u00eddky?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banka m\u00e1 svou Strategii 2024 a je velmi \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e1 v realizaci r\u016fzn\u00fdch projekt\u016f. Mus\u00edme si v\u0161ak up\u0159\u00edmn\u011b \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee p\u0159ed sebou m\u00e1me je\u0161t\u011b n\u011bjakou pr\u00e1ci. Jsme v\u0161ak na dobr\u00e9 cest\u011b. Pro \u010ceskou republiku to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee chceme d\u00e1le r\u016fst. Pro koncern jsme pom\u011brn\u011b velk\u00fdm \u201eHubem\u201c. Krom\u011b finan\u010dn\u00edch slu\u017eeb pro na\u0161e klienty poskytujeme pro cel\u00fd koncern dal\u0161\u00ed slu\u017eby v oblastech, jako je IT, HR nebo finance. Jsme d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm m\u00edstem pro dal\u0161\u00ed evropsk\u00e9 zem\u011b i pro N\u011bmecko. V tomto ohledu m\u00e1me i nad\u00e1le z\u00e1jem v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice r\u016fst. T\u011b\u0161\u00edm se na to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rozhovor: Bernhard Bauer, Christian R\u00fchmkorf<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Volkhardt Kruse \u0159adu let \u017eil a pracoval v Commerzbank v jednom z nejzaj\u00edmav\u011bj\u0161\u00edch m\u00edst a finan\u010dn\u00edch center: v Hongkongu. Asijskou perspektivu si p\u0159inesl s sebou, kdy\u017e letos v l\u00e9t\u011b nahradil Michaela T. Kr\u00fcgera ve funkci \u0161\u00e9fa Commerzbank AG pro \u010ceskou republiku a Slovensko. Plat\u00ed to i pro zelenou transformaci, kterou Volkhardt Kruse pova\u017euje za sou\u010d\u00e1st \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed aktu\u00e1ln\u00edch probl\u00e9m\u016f. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6872,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[8,281],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6871","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-interviewrozhovor","category-wer-wird-das-bezahlen"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.0","language":"cz","enabled_languages":["de","cz"],"languages":{"de":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":true},"cz":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":true}}},"yoast_head":"\n"N\u00e1vrat k norm\u00e1lu" - 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