{"id":7936,"date":"2023-05-30T15:14:46","date_gmt":"2023-05-30T13:14:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/emagazin.plus\/?p=7936"},"modified":"2025-02-06T11:05:50","modified_gmt":"2025-02-06T10:05:50","slug":"gemeinsam-in-der-naechsten-transformation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/emagazin.plus\/cz\/gemeinsam-in-der-naechsten-transformation\/","title":{"rendered":"Spole\u010dn\u011b do dal\u0161\u00ed transformace"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Bilance 30 let \u010desko-n\u011bmeck\u00e9ho obchodu<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Na sv\u011bt\u011b je jen n\u011bkolik m\u00e1lo ekonomik, s nimi\u017e je N\u011bmecko propojeno skrz investice a obchod tak \u00fazce jako s \u010ceskou republikou. A to i p\u0159esto, \u017ee se hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 vztahy se Z\u00e1padem za\u010daly znovu rozv\u00edjet teprve p\u0159ed t\u0159iceti lety. Po sametov\u00e9 revoluci n\u00e1sledovalo v roce 1993 rozd\u011blen\u00ed \u010ceskoslovenska na dva samostatn\u00e9 st\u00e1ty. N\u011bmeck\u00e9 podniky hr\u00e1ly d\u016fle\u017eitou roli p\u0159i transformaci z centr\u00e1ln\u011b pl\u00e1novan\u00e9ho hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed na konkurenceschopnou tr\u017en\u00ed ekonomiku, a to jako investo\u0159i a odb\u011bratel\u00e9, p\u0159i modernizaci a p\u0159enosu know-how. Sou\u010dasn\u00e1 transformace na digit\u00e1ln\u00ed a udr\u017eitelnou ekonomiku se t\u00fdk\u00e1 obou zem\u00ed stejnou m\u011brou. Otev\u0159ela novou kapitolu spolupr\u00e1ce, v n\u00ed\u017e se prosazuj\u00ed inovace, automatizace a klimatick\u00e1 neutralita. Oblasti, ve kter\u00fdch jsou \u010desk\u00e9 firmy \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 i v N\u011bmecku.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dynamika v\u00fdvoje je obdivuhodn\u00e1. Zat\u00edmco v roce 1993 si sousedn\u00ed zem\u011b vym\u011bnily zbo\u017e\u00ed v hodnot\u011b 7 miliard eur, v roce 2022 to bylo u\u017e 113 miliard eur. \u010cesk\u00e1 republika je des\u00e1t\u00fdm nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edm obchodn\u00edm partnerem N\u011bmecka, p\u0159edstihla Velkou Brit\u00e1nii a po Polsku je nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edm partnerem ve st\u0159edn\u00ed a v\u00fdchodn\u00ed Evrop\u011b. Pro \u010ceskou republiku je N\u011bmecko na prvn\u00edm m\u00edst\u011b, i kdy\u017e jeho pod\u00edl na zahrani\u010dn\u00edm obchodu se zbo\u017e\u00edm za posledn\u00edch 15 let klesl z jedn\u00e9 t\u0159etiny zhruba na jednu \u010dtvrtinu. Od roku 2009 \u010cesk\u00e1 republika nep\u0159etr\u017eit\u011b dosahuje p\u0159ebytk\u016f obchodn\u00ed bilance. Vrcholu dos\u00e1hly v roce 2022: 4,5 miliardy eur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Katalyz\u00e1torem vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9ho obchodu byly n\u011bmeck\u00e9 firmy. V 90. letech kupovaly \u010desk\u00e9 podniky a strategicky je rozv\u00edjely na zelen\u00e9 louce, stav\u011bly v\u00fdrobn\u00ed haly, logistick\u00e1 centra a supermarkety. Dal\u0161\u00ed firmy ke kroku p\u0159es spole\u010dnou hranici povzbudil vstup \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky do Evropsk\u00e9 unie. St\u0159edn\u011b velk\u00e9 firmy, kter\u00e9 byly pod tlakem globalizace, vyu\u017e\u00edvaly mo\u017enosti levn\u00e9 v\u00fdroby v sousedn\u00ed zemi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dotklo se to t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u0161ech pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch odv\u011btv\u00ed, zejm\u00e9na v\u0161ak automobilov\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslu, kde tvrd\u00fd cenov\u00fd boj podpo\u0159il trend p\u0159esunu v\u00fdroby do st\u0159edn\u00ed a v\u00fdchodn\u00ed Evropy. \u010cesk\u00e1 republika investor\u016fm nab\u00eddla technicky dob\u0159e vzd\u011blan\u00e9 odborn\u00edky, stroj\u00edrenskou tradici, n\u00edzk\u00e9 mzdy a logisticky v\u00fdhodnou polohu. V \u010cesku tak vzniklo obrovsk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed nov\u00fdch pracovn\u00edch m\u00edst a byly nav\u00e1z\u00e1ny nebo obnoveny dodavatelsk\u00e9 vztahy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Obecn\u011b lze \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee pragmatick\u00e1 politika podpory investic a potenci\u00e1l \u010desk\u00fdch firem p\u0159il\u00e1kaly velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed zahrani\u010dn\u00edho kapit\u00e1lu a zemi rychle za\u010dlenily do mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch hodnotov\u00fdch \u0159et\u011bzc\u016f. Zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 to je ve zpracovatelsk\u00e9m pr\u016fmyslu, kde zahrani\u010dn\u00ed afilace tvo\u0159\u00ed 69 % tr\u017eeb a 59 % hrub\u00e9 p\u0159idan\u00e9 hodnoty.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u011bmeck\u00e9 zahrani\u010dn\u00ed dce\u0159in\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti pod drobnohledem<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jak\u00fd v\u00fdznam maj\u00ed n\u011bmeck\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti? Eurostat uv\u00e1d\u00ed jako zahrani\u010dn\u00ed afilace v\u00edce ne\u017e 3200 aktivn\u00edch nefinan\u010dn\u00edch n\u011bmeck\u00fdch podnik\u016f v \u010cR. V\u00edce dce\u0159in\u00fdch firem m\u00e1 N\u011bmecko v EU pouze v Rakousku. V \u010cesk\u00e9 republice tvo\u0159\u00ed nejsiln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zastoupen\u00ed ze zahrani\u010d\u00ed. V roce 2020 n\u011bmeck\u00e9 firmy utr\u017eily 78,7 miliardy eur, zam\u011bstn\u00e1valy 346 000 osob a jejich podnikatelsk\u00e1 hrub\u00e1 p\u0159idan\u00e1 hodnota dos\u00e1hla 16,8 miliardy eur. Na hodnot\u00e1ch zahrani\u010dn\u00edch investic se pod\u00edlely p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b jednou t\u0159etinou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V p\u0159epo\u010dtu na v\u0161echny v\u00fdrobn\u00ed podniky v \u010desk\u00e9 ekonomice maj\u00ed pobo\u010dky n\u011bmeck\u00fdch investor\u016f zhruba 15% pod\u00edl na obratu a hrub\u00e9 p\u0159idan\u00e9 hodnot\u011b podnikatelsk\u00e9 sf\u00e9ry. Ve zpracovatelsk\u00e9m pr\u016fmyslu p\u016fsob\u00ed 1100 n\u011bmeck\u00fdch firem, co\u017e je v\u00edce ne\u017e v kter\u00e9koli jin\u00e9 zemi EU, a vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 \u010dtvrtinu obratu a p\u0159idan\u00e9 hodnoty.<\/p>\n\n\n

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28. b\u0159ezna 1991 podepsali \u010desk\u00fd ministr pr\u016fmyslu Jan Vrba a p\u0159edseda p\u0159edstavenstva koncernu Volkswagen Carl H. Hahn <\/em>
smlouvu o zalo\u017een\u00ed spole\u010dn\u00e9ho podniku na v\u00fdrobu automobil\u016f \u0160KODA.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Automobilov\u00fd pr\u016fmysl jako p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh \u00fasp\u011bchu. Ale nejen on<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Spolupr\u00e1ce za\u010dala na po\u010d\u00e1tku 90. let superlativem: Do \u010desk\u00e9 automobilky \u0160koda vstoupil koncern Volkswagen. Od t\u00e9 doby se z mladoboleslavsk\u00e9 automobilky stal glob\u00e1ln\u00ed hr\u00e1\u010d, kter\u00fd p\u016fsob\u00ed ve v\u00edce ne\u017e 100 zem\u00edch po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b. Dlouh\u00e1 automobilov\u00e1 historie \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky usnadnila p\u0159\u00edstup i n\u011bmeck\u00fdm v\u00fdrobc\u016fm syst\u00e9m\u016f a komponent\u016f. Mezi firmy s nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm obratem pat\u0159\u00ed Bosch, Continental a Kiekert, ale tak\u00e9 \u0159ada dal\u0161\u00edch tradi\u010dn\u00edch n\u011bmeck\u00fdch firem, jako jsou ZF, Mahle, Borgers, Brose, Hella, Benteler nebo Knorr-Bremse. N\u011bkter\u00e9 z nich maj\u00ed v \u010cesku dokonce n\u011bkolik z\u00e1vod\u016f. Nen\u00ed n\u00e1hodou, \u017ee v\u00fdrobky automobilov\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslu v u\u017e\u0161\u00edm slova smyslu tvo\u0159\u00ed asi 16 % vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9ho obchodu. Z \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 jin\u00e9 zem\u011b N\u011bmecko nedov\u00e1\u017e\u00ed automobilov\u00e9 d\u00edly a komponenty ve vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed hodnot\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To v\u0161ak z\u00e1rove\u0148 znamen\u00e1, \u017ee 84 % obchodu p\u0159ipad\u00e1 na jin\u00e1 odv\u011btv\u00ed. Mnoho podnik\u016f z obor\u016f stroj\u00edrenstv\u00ed, zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed pry\u017ee a plast\u016f, elektronika, elektrotechnika a zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed kov\u016f ale tak\u00e9 dod\u00e1v\u00e1 automobilov\u00e9mu pr\u016fmyslu. P\u0159esto Observato\u0159 ekonomick\u00e9 slo\u017eitosti (OEC) \u010ceskou republiku v roce 2022 za\u0159adila na sedm\u00e9 m\u00edsto v \u017eeb\u0159\u00ed\u010dku nejv\u0161estrann\u011bj\u0161\u00edch ekonomik, dv\u011b p\u0159\u00ed\u010dky za N\u011bmecko. To souvis\u00ed s diverzifikovanou v\u00fdrobkovou a otev\u0159enou obchodn\u00ed strukturou, k n\u00ed\u017e p\u0159isp\u00edvaj\u00ed i pobo\u010dky n\u011bmeck\u00fdch firem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nap\u0159\u00edklad technologick\u00fd koncern Siemens m\u00e1 v \u010cesku sedm v\u00fdrobn\u00edch z\u00e1vod\u016f a je hnac\u00ed silou ve v\u00fdrob\u011b a v\u00fdvozu elektrotechniky a elektromotor\u016f. Stroj\u00edrensk\u00e1 firma JUNKER v roce 1992 p\u0159evzala z\u00e1vody v\u00fdrobce obr\u00e1b\u011bc\u00edch stroj\u016f TOS Hostiva\u0159, vytvo\u0159ila z\u00e1klady mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed skupiny a z\u00e1rove\u0148 p\u0159isp\u011bla k vy\u0161\u0161\u00edmu exportu \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky v oblasti vysoce p\u0159esn\u00fdch brusek. Stroj\u00edrensk\u00e1 firma Streicher ji\u017e v\u00edce ne\u017e 30 let v Plzni vyr\u00e1b\u00ed vakuovou techniku. Stejn\u011b dlouho v \u010cesku p\u016fsob\u00ed firma Hettich, l\u00eddr na trhu s n\u00e1bytkov\u00fdm kov\u00e1n\u00edm. Ve \u017d\u010f\u00e1ru nad S\u00e1zavou se soust\u0159e\u010fuj\u00ed v\u0161echny aktivity skupiny v oblasti tlakov\u00e9ho lit\u00ed zinku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rodinn\u00e9 firmy s dlouhodobou strategi\u00ed<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u011bt\u0161ina n\u011bmeck\u00fdch pobo\u010dek pat\u0159\u00ed rodinn\u00fdm podnik\u016fm s dlouhodobou strategi\u00ed. To plat\u00ed i pro maloobchod. Velk\u00fd pod\u00edl na maloobchodn\u00edm prodeji potravin v \u010cesku maj\u00ed skupina Schwarz, hypermarkety Globus a skupina Rewe. Celost\u00e1tn\u011b p\u016fsob\u00ed \u0159et\u011bzce Hornbach, Deichmann, skupina Tengelmann s prodejnami OBI a KiK nebo drogerie Rossmann a dm-Markt. St\u00e1le slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed logistick\u00e9 pot\u0159eby pr\u016fmyslu a obchodu zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00ed n\u011bme\u010dt\u00ed poskytovatel\u00e9 dopravn\u00edch a logistick\u00fdch slu\u017eeb, jako jsou DHL, Schenker, Dachser, Geis, Hellmann nebo Metrans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Podle \u010cesk\u00e9 n\u00e1rodn\u00ed banky \u010dinil stav n\u011bmeck\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edm\u00fdch investic na konci roku 2021 t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 26 miliard eur. N\u011bmecko je tak t\u0159et\u00edm nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm zahrani\u010dn\u00edm investorem s pod\u00edlem v\u00edce ne\u017e 14 %. Prvn\u00ed dv\u011b m\u00edsta zauj\u00edmaj\u00ed Nizozemsko a Lucembursko, kde ov\u0161em d\u00edky da\u0148ov\u00fdm v\u00fdhod\u00e1m s\u00eddl\u00ed mnoho mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch holding\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b \u010desk\u00fdch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ani 30 let po vzniku samostatn\u00e9ho \u010desk\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu z\u00e1jem n\u011bmeck\u00fdch investor\u016f nekles\u00e1. V roce 2022 \u010cNB evidovala \u010dist\u00fd p\u0159\u00edliv p\u0159\u00edm\u00fdch n\u011bmeck\u00fdch investic v hodnot\u011b t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 1,2 miliardy eur. P\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 45 % p\u0159i tom tvo\u0159ily reinvestovan\u00e9 zisky. V podstat\u011b v\u0161echny n\u011bmeck\u00e9 firmy kv\u016fli nedostatku pracovn\u00edch sil a vysok\u00fdm cen\u00e1m energi\u00ed investuj\u00ed do automatizace, digitalizace a zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed energetick\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinnosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Elektrobusy Siemens Dopravn\u00edho podniku Ostrava u dob\u00edjec\u00ed stanice ve Valcha\u0159sk\u00e9 ulici<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

V\u00fdrobu n\u00e1sledoval v\u00fdzkum a v\u00fdvoj<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vzhledem k relativn\u011b n\u00edzk\u00fdm n\u00e1klad\u016fm na pracovn\u00ed s\u00edlu zahrani\u010dn\u00ed investo\u0159i \u010ceskou republiku zpo\u010d\u00e1tku vn\u00edmali jako montovnu. V\u00fdrobu v\u0161ak n\u00e1sledoval v\u00fdzkum a v\u00fdvoj. Podle \u00fadaj\u016f \u010cesk\u00e9ho statistick\u00e9ho \u00fa\u0159adu se v\u00fddaje na v\u00fdzkum a v\u00fdvoj jen v podnic\u00edch se zahrani\u010dn\u00ed majetkovou \u00fa\u010dast\u00ed od roku 2010 t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 ztrojn\u00e1sobily, v ryze \u010desk\u00fdch podnic\u00edch se prakticky zdvojn\u00e1sobily. Dohromady nyn\u00ed tvo\u0159\u00ed 63 % v\u00fddaj\u016f na v\u00fdzkum. V\u00fddaje na v\u00fdzkum a v\u00fdvoj v roce 2021 poprv\u00e9 dos\u00e1hly 2 % HDP, co\u017e je v\u00edce ne\u017e v It\u00e1lii, \u0160pan\u011blsku nebo Irsku. Pr\u016fm\u011br EU je 2,27 %.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00fdzkumu a v\u00fdvoji se pobo\u010dky n\u011bmeck\u00fdch podnik\u016f v\u011bnuj\u00ed dlouhodob\u011b a intenzivn\u011b. Firma Siemens je jedn\u00edm ze sv\u011btov\u00fdch pr\u016fkopn\u00edk\u016f \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed pro pr\u016fmysl 4.0 a inteligentn\u00ed infrastrukturu. Technologick\u00fd gigant p\u0159i tom vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 tak\u00e9 sv\u00fdch 13 v\u00fdzkumn\u00fdch a v\u00fdvojov\u00fdch center a odd\u011blen\u00ed a 14 kompeten\u010dn\u00edch center v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice v oblastech jako inteligentn\u00ed \u0159\u00eddic\u00ed syst\u00e9my, \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed pro digitalizaci v\u00fdroby, \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00ed technika a elektromotory. V\u00fdvojov\u00e1 a kompeten\u010dn\u00ed centra maj\u00ed \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b glob\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u016fsobnost a zam\u011bstn\u00e1vaj\u00ed v\u00edce ne\u017e 1100 odborn\u00edk\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u0159echod k elektromobilit\u011b<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u010cesk\u00e1 republika je po N\u011bmecku a \u0160pan\u011blsku t\u0159et\u00edm nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm v\u00fdrobcem automobil\u016f v Evrop\u011b. Hodn\u011b z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed na tom, zda se poda\u0159\u00ed struktur\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159echod na elektromobilitu. Tempo v \u010desk\u00e9m autolandu ud\u00e1v\u00e1 \u0160koda Auto a jej\u00ed odd\u011blen\u00ed technick\u00e9ho v\u00fdvoje v Mlad\u00e9 Boleslavi, kter\u00e9 v roce 2021 otev\u0159elo centrum pro stavbu zku\u0161ebn\u00edch voz\u016f a prototyp\u016f. Dobrou zpr\u00e1vou je, \u017ee \u0160koda Auto prodala v roce 2022 o p\u011btinu v\u00edce voz\u016f elektrick\u00e9 \u0159ady Enyaq iV, do roku 2026 pl\u00e1nuje uv\u00e9st na trh dal\u0161\u00ed \u010dty\u0159i bateriov\u00e9 elektrick\u00e9 modely a do roku 2027 chce investovat do elektromobility p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 5,6 miliardy eur a do digitalizace 700 milion\u016f eur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Skupina ZF, kter\u00e1 se zab\u00fdv\u00e1 mobilitou, provozuje v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice \u0161est v\u00fdrobn\u00edch z\u00e1vod\u016f a t\u0159i technologick\u00e1 centra. Ve v\u00fdvoji pracuje v\u00edce ne\u017e 700 zam\u011bstnanc\u016f. Zam\u011b\u0159uj\u00ed se na software a hardware, mechanick\u00e9 a mechatronick\u00e9 prvky pro elektrick\u00e9 pohony. ZF Openmatics v Plzni se specializuje na konektivitu a telematick\u00e9 syst\u00e9my.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pos\u00edlen\u00ed v\u00fdzkumu<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tak\u00e9 firma Bosch p\u0159idala k v\u00fdrob\u011b v\u00fdvoj produkt\u016f pro celou spole\u010dnost. V\u00fdvojov\u00e9 a technologick\u00e9 centrum v \u010cesk\u00fdch Bud\u011bjovic\u00edch, kter\u00e9 bylo d\u00e1le roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159eno v roce 2019, zam\u011bstn\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u00edce ne\u017e 600 in\u017een\u00fdr\u016f. Vyv\u00edjej\u00ed nov\u00e9 automobilov\u00e9 komponenty a \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed mobility, mimo jin\u00e9 v oblasti vod\u00edku. BMW zase na ja\u0159e 2023 zah\u00e1jilo testov\u00e1n\u00ed asisten\u010dn\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f ve sv\u00e9m testovac\u00edm centru pro \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed autonomn\u00edho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed v Sokolov\u011b. Pro softwarovou skupinu SAP je \u010cesk\u00e1 republika druhou nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed lokalitou v Evrop\u011b. Ve v\u00fdzkumu a v\u00fdvoji, inovac\u00edch a podnikov\u00fdch slu\u017eb\u00e1ch zde zam\u011bstn\u00e1v\u00e1 p\u0159es 3000 lid\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I dal\u0161\u00ed dce\u0159in\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti n\u011bmeck\u00fdch firem d\u00edky spolupr\u00e1ci s univerzitami posiluj\u00ed postaven\u00ed \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky coby v\u00fdvojov\u00e9 lokality. Nap\u0159\u00edklad mobiln\u00ed oper\u00e1tor T-Mobile v p\u011bti \u010desk\u00fdch v\u00fdzkumn\u00fdch instituc\u00edch z\u0159\u00eddil v kampusech s\u00edt\u011b 5G. Ty vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed testbedy pr\u016fmyslu 4.0 v institutech technick\u00fdch univerzit v Praze a Brn\u011b (CIIRC CTU a CEITEC VUT). Propojen\u00edm s testbedem dvou n\u011bmeck\u00fdch v\u00fdzkumn\u00fdch instituc\u00ed (DFKI a ZeMA) vznikla testovac\u00ed laborato\u0159 pro geograficky odd\u011blenou v\u00fdrobu. Toto \u010desko-n\u011bmeck\u00e9 v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9 centrum, zkr\u00e1cen\u011b RICAIP, je nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm projektem v Evrop\u011b v oblasti pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence (AI). S dal\u0161\u00edmi testovac\u00edmi pracovi\u0161ti se p\u0159ipoj\u00ed Technick\u00e1 univerzita Ostrava a Fraunhofer\u016fv institut pro obr\u00e1b\u011bc\u00ed a tv\u00e1\u0159ec\u00ed techniku.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed evropsk\u00fd trh jako magnet<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ryze \u010desk\u00e9 podniky se v 90. letech nejprve musely p\u0159eorientovat na tvrd\u00e9 podm\u00ednky tr\u017en\u00edho hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed a konkurence nebo nav\u00e1zat na sv\u00e9 p\u0159edkomunistick\u00e9 tradice. Brzy se v\u0161ak chopily p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost\u00ed i na nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm evropsk\u00e9m trhu, kter\u00fd maj\u00ed na dosah ruky. Podle \u00fadaj\u016f Eurostatu se po\u010det dce\u0159in\u00fdch spole\u010dnost\u00ed \u010desk\u00fdch firem v N\u011bmecku za uplynul\u00fdch 12 let v\u00edce ne\u017e ztrojn\u00e1sobil na 244. V roce 2020 m\u011bly obrat t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 7 miliard eur a zam\u011bstn\u00e1valy 21 300 lid\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u010cesk\u00e9 firmy v N\u011bmecku jednak prod\u00e1vaj\u00ed sv\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky. Nap\u0159\u00edklad v sedmi n\u011bmeck\u00fdch m\u011bstech jezd\u00ed tramvaje plze\u0148sk\u00e9ho v\u00fdrobce dopravn\u00ed techniky \u0160koda Group. M\u011bsto Cottbus si pr\u00e1v\u011b objednalo dal\u0161\u00edch 15. \u0158ada dal\u0161\u00edch v\u00fdrobc\u016f m\u00e1 v N\u011bmecku obchodn\u00ed nebo servisn\u00ed pobo\u010dky, nap\u0159\u00edklad brn\u011bnsk\u00fd v\u00fdrobce rastrovac\u00edch elektronov\u00fdch mikroskop\u016f Tescan nebo stroj\u00edrensk\u00e1 firma Chropy\u0148sk\u00e1 stroj\u00edrna, kter\u00e1 se specializuje na sva\u0159ovac\u00ed syst\u00e9my a mont\u00e1\u017en\u00ed techniku. V obdob\u00ed koronavirov\u00e9 pandemie do\u0161lo k obrovsk\u00e9mu rozvoji internetov\u00e9ho obchodu. V Bavorsku a v regionu Por\u00fdn\u00ed-Mohu\u010d z\u00e1kazn\u00edky z\u00e1sobuje online supermarket Rohl\u00edk jako\u017eto Knuspr.de a pokra\u010duje v expanzi. V online obchodu s ojet\u00fdmi vozy se zase na n\u011bmeck\u00e9 z\u00e1kazn\u00edky ned\u00e1vno zam\u011b\u0159ily firmy Driverama a Carvago.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u010cesk\u00e9 firmy v N\u011bmecku ale investuj\u00ed i do v\u00fdroby. Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u010desk\u00fd v\u00fdrobce zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 techniky Agrostroj Pelh\u0159imov expandoval v roce 2021, kdy koupil n\u011bmeck\u00e9ho konkurenta Wilhelm Stoll Maschinenfabrik. Stroj\u00edrensk\u00e1 skupina Wikov z\u00edskala v roce 2019 skupinu Gmeinder Getriebe. Potravin\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd a chemick\u00fd koncern Agrofert m\u00e1 v N\u011bmecku ji\u017e del\u0161\u00ed dobu \u010dty\u0159i provozy, v\u010detn\u011b v\u00fdrobce zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdch a pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch chemik\u00e1li\u00ed SKW Piesteritz. To je jen n\u011bkolik p\u0159\u00edklad\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u011bmeck\u00e1 energetick\u00e1 transformace s \u010deskou \u00fa\u010dast\u00ed<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nejv\u00edce investic v\u0161ak sm\u011b\u0159uje do energetick\u00e9 transformace. Lu\u017eick\u00e1 energetick\u00e1 firma LEAG, kterou vlastn\u00ed \u010desk\u00e9 holdingy EPH a PPF, pl\u00e1nuje zelen\u00fd energetick\u00fd park o v\u00fdkonu 7 gigawatt\u016f. Projekt s n\u00e1zvem GigawattFactory po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 s investicemi kolem 10 miliard eur do v\u011btrn\u00fdch a fotovoltaick\u00fdch elektr\u00e1ren na pozemc\u00edch po t\u011b\u017eb\u011b. Skupina \u010cEZ postav\u00ed v roce 2023 dal\u0161\u00ed v\u011btrnou farmu v Por\u00fa\u0159\u00ed. \u010cEZ na n\u011bmeck\u00e9m trhu slu\u017eeb souvisej\u00edc\u00edch se sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00edm emis\u00ed CO2, zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00edm energetick\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinnosti a \u00fasporami n\u00e1klad\u016f na energie p\u016fsob\u00ed od roku 2017 prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm akvizice skupiny energetick\u00fdch slu\u017eeb Elevion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tlak na digitalizaci v N\u011bmecku vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 dynamick\u00fd technologick\u00fd sektor v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice, pro kter\u00fd je tuzemsk\u00fd trh u\u017e dlouhou dobu p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 mal\u00fd. Nap\u0159\u00edklad IT poradensk\u00e1 firma Adastra m\u00e1 v N\u011bmecku \u0161est pobo\u010dek, kter\u00e9 pom\u00e1haj\u00ed klient\u016fm zav\u00e1d\u011bt digit\u00e1ln\u00ed obchodn\u00ed strategie s vyu\u017eit\u00edm datov\u00e9ho in\u017een\u00fdrstv\u00ed a um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence. Firma Aimtec se specializuje na digitalizaci v\u00fdroby a logistiky pomoc\u00ed softwarov\u00fdch \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed. Benthor automatizuje v\u00fdrobn\u00ed procesy a programuje roboty. A kdo se chce dozv\u011bd\u011bt o term\u00ednech a plen\u00e1rn\u00edch zased\u00e1n\u00edch n\u011bmeck\u00e9ho Spolkov\u00e9ho sn\u011bmu, toho provede aplikace vyvinut\u00e1 pra\u017eskou technologickou firmou Ackee.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nejen v obchodu se zbo\u017e\u00edm s N\u011bmeckem m\u00e1 \u010cesk\u00e1 republika p\u0159ebytek. Kladn\u00e1 je ji\u017e n\u011bkolik let tak\u00e9 bilance v oblasti IT a telekomunika\u010dn\u00edch slu\u017eeb. A trend je vzestupn\u00fd. D\u00edky vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9 prov\u00e1zanosti obou sousedn\u00edch ekonomik rostou i p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Text: Miriam Neubert<\/strong>, Germany Trade & Invest<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Foto: Auto-Medienportal.Net\/Skoda, Siemens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Na sv\u011bt\u011b je jen n\u011bkolik m\u00e1lo ekonomik, s nimi\u017e je N\u011bmecko propojeno skrz investice a obchod tak \u00fazce jako s \u010ceskou republikou. 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