{"id":8340,"date":"2023-10-03T14:00:00","date_gmt":"2023-10-03T12:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/emagazin.plus\/?p=8340"},"modified":"2025-02-06T10:56:21","modified_gmt":"2025-02-06T09:56:21","slug":"mikrochips-aus-tschechien","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/emagazin.plus\/cz\/mikrochips-aus-tschechien\/","title":{"rendered":"Velk\u00e9 pl\u00e1ny s mal\u00fdmi \u010dipy"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Gerit Schulze, Germany Trade & Invest<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mikro\u010dipy jsou pro \u00fasp\u011bch \u010desk\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslu st\u00e1le d\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. \u010cesko proto chce hr\u00e1t aktivn\u00ed roli p\u0159i evropsk\u00e9m \u00fasil\u00ed dohnat ostatn\u00ed regiony v polovodi\u010dov\u00e9m pr\u016fmyslu, a to jak s vlastn\u00ed technologi\u00ed, tak i jako v\u00fdrobce.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A\u017e bude za n\u011bkolik let mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed vesm\u00edrn\u00e1 stanice LOP-G ob\u00edhat kolem M\u011bs\u00edce, bude na tom m\u00edt z\u00e1sluhu i \u010desk\u00e1 mikroelektronika. Na palub\u011b lun\u00e1rn\u00ed stanice Gateway se budou nach\u00e1zet kompaktn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sticov\u00e9 kamery na b\u00e1zi polovodi\u010d\u016f od pra\u017esk\u00e9 firmy Advacam, kter\u00e9 dok\u00e1\u017e\u00ed m\u011b\u0159it radiaci a kosmick\u00e9 z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed, a jsou proto pro astronauty \u017eivotn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Miliardy d\u00edky Evropsk\u00e9mu aktu o \u010dipech<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ve st\u00ednu velk\u00fdch zem\u00ed vyr\u00e1b\u011bj\u00edc\u00edch mikro\u010dipy se \u010cesk\u00e1 republika st\u00e1v\u00e1 zaj\u00edmavou lokalitou pro v\u00fdzkum a v\u00fdrobu polovodi\u010d\u016f. B\u011bhem sv\u00e9ho p\u0159edsednictv\u00ed Rad\u011b EU ve druh\u00e9 polovin\u011b roku 2022 se aktivn\u011b zasazovala o p\u0159ijet\u00ed Evropsk\u00e9ho aktu o \u010dipech (EU Chips Act). Jeho c\u00edlem je sn\u00ed\u017eit p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eky v dod\u00e1vk\u00e1ch polovodi\u010d\u016f a zv\u00fd\u0161it v\u00fdrobu v Evrop\u011b. EU chce b\u00fdt v t\u00e9to kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 technologii konkurenceschopn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a zv\u00fd\u0161it sv\u016fj pod\u00edl na sv\u011btov\u00e9m trhu ze sou\u010dasn\u00fdch 10 na 20 %. \u010cesk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da douf\u00e1, \u017ee z obrovsk\u00e9ho rozpo\u010dtu aktu \u2013 k dispozici je cca 43 miliard eur \u2013 do \u010ceska p\u0159ite\u010dou v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1stky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Stuttgartsk\u00e1 firma v \u017datci vyr\u00e1b\u00ed technologie pro \u010dist\u00e9 prostory<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u010cesk\u00e1 republika m\u00e1 velkou v\u00fdhodu: V zemi ji\u017e funguj\u00ed mal\u00e9 tov\u00e1rny na v\u00fdrobu \u010dip\u016f a vyr\u00e1b\u011bj\u00ed zde i v\u00fdznamn\u00ed dodavatel\u00e9 polovodi\u010dov\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslu. Pat\u0159\u00ed k nim i stuttgartsk\u00e1 firma Exyte, kter\u00e1 ve dvou tov\u00e1rn\u00e1ch u Teplic vyr\u00e1b\u00ed produkty pro \u010dist\u00e9 prostory a nyn\u00ed v \u017eateck\u00e9 pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 z\u00f3n\u011b investuje 20 milion\u016f eur do v\u00fdstavby t\u0159et\u00edho v\u00fdrobn\u00edho z\u00e1vodu. \u201eV\u00fdrobky z \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky budeme dod\u00e1vat kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm z\u00e1kazn\u00edk\u016fm z polovodi\u010dov\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslu,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 jednatel firmy Wolfgang B\u00fcchele.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u0159\u00edsun mlad\u00fdch talent\u016f zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00ed technick\u00e9 vysok\u00e9 \u0161koly<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

St\u00e1l\u00fd p\u0159\u00edsun dob\u0159e vy\u0161kolen\u00fdch odborn\u00edk\u016f zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00ed \u010cVUT v Praze a VUT v Brn\u011b. Na \u010cVUT byla v roce 2022 otev\u0159ena nov\u00e1 zku\u0161ebn\u00ed laborato\u0159 pro mikro\u010dipy. Krom\u011b toho se polovodi\u010dov\u00e9 technologie vyv\u00edjej\u00ed ve v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9m centru CEITEC v Brn\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dlouhou tradici v polovodi\u010dov\u00e9m pr\u016fmyslu m\u00e1 v\u00fdchodn\u00ed Morava<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm regionem pro polovodi\u010dov\u00fd pr\u016fmysl je v \u010cesku severomoravsk\u00fd Ro\u017enov pod Radho\u0161t\u011bm. Za socialismu zde s\u00eddlil n\u00e1rodn\u00ed podnik \u2013 koncern Tesla, kde se ji\u017e v 80. letech vyr\u00e1b\u011bly mikroprocesory.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b Ro\u017enovu dominuje americk\u00fd v\u00fdrobce On Semiconductor (Onsemi). Ve t\u0159ech z\u00e1vodech zde vyr\u00e1b\u00ed mikro\u010dipy a polovodi\u010dov\u00e9 desti\u010dky z karbidu k\u0159em\u00edku. Nyn\u00ed pl\u00e1nuje roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159it v\u00fdrobu o kompletn\u00ed v\u00fdrobu \u010dip\u016f na b\u00e1zi karbidu k\u0159em\u00edku. V\u00fdrobky by na\u0161ly vyu\u017eit\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v elektromobilech. Jednalo by se o investici cca 2 miliardy americk\u00fdch dolar\u016f. \u010cesk\u00e1 republika v\u0161ak p\u0159i tom sout\u011b\u017e\u00ed s v\u00fdrobn\u00edmi z\u00e1vody v USA a Ji\u017en\u00ed Koreji. Onsemi podmi\u0148uje investici v Ro\u017enov\u011b pod Radho\u0161t\u011bm t\u00edm, \u017ee \u010cesko p\u0159isp\u011bje 20 %.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e1vrhy \u010dip\u016f moravsk\u00e9 firmy kupuje i Intel<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pokud jde o v\u00fdrobu \u010dip\u016f, nen\u00ed \u010cesk\u00e1 republika z\u00e1visl\u00e1 jen na zahrani\u010dn\u00edm know-how. P\u016fsob\u00ed tu i tuzem\u0161t\u00ed v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i polovodi\u010dov\u00fdch technologi\u00ed. Pat\u0159\u00ed mezi n\u011b brn\u011bnsk\u00e1 firma Codasip, kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 mnoho zahrani\u010dn\u00edch investor\u016f a ned\u00e1vno do sv\u00e9ho p\u0159edstavenstva z\u00edskala b\u00fdval\u00e9ho mana\u017eera Audi. Codasip vyv\u00edj\u00ed nov\u00e1 procesorov\u00e1 j\u00e1dra a software pro navrhov\u00e1n\u00ed procesor\u016f postaven\u00fdch na otev\u0159en\u00e9 architektu\u0159e RISC-V. K jej\u00edm z\u00e1kazn\u00edk\u016fm pat\u0159\u00ed dce\u0159in\u00e1 firma Intelu Mobileye, kter\u00e1 vyv\u00edj\u00ed asisten\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9my pro \u0159idi\u010de.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Procesory firmy Codasip by mohly naj\u00edt vyu\u017eit\u00ed v oblasti um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence nebo kybernetick\u00e9 bezpe\u010dnosti. Codasip v\u011b\u0159\u00ed, \u017ee z\u00edsk\u00e1 \u0161t\u011bdr\u00e9 financov\u00e1n\u00ed z programu EU pro projekty spole\u010dn\u00e9ho evropsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1jmu IPCEI (Important Project of Common European Interest). V sou\u010dasn\u00e9m kole je pro odv\u011btv\u00ed mikroelektroniky k dispozici 8,1 miliardy eur. Do v\u00fdb\u011bru projekt\u016f, kter\u00fd byl potvrzen v \u010dervnu 2023, byly za\u0159azeny (z celkov\u00e9ho po\u010dtu 56) dv\u011b \u010desk\u00e9 firmy: Mycroft Mind (Brno, anal\u00fdza dat) a pr\u00e1v\u011b Codasip. Krom\u011b toho byl \u010desk\u00e9 pobo\u010dce NXP Semiconductors a UJP Praha ud\u011blen status p\u0159idru\u017een\u00e9ho \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edka programu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elektronika z P\u0159erova testuje \u010dipy po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Z boomu celosv\u011btov\u00e9ho \u010dipov\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslu t\u011b\u017e\u00ed i p\u0159erovsk\u00fd v\u00fdrobce elektroniky Meopta. Meopta vyv\u00edj\u00ed a vyr\u00e1b\u00ed sestavy pro kontrolu polovodi\u010dov\u00fdch desti\u010dek. V krizov\u00e9m roce 2022 vzrostly jej\u00ed tr\u017eby o 37 % na v\u00edce ne\u017e 206 milion\u016f eur, a to p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm d\u00edky popt\u00e1vce v\u00fdrobc\u016f mikro\u010dip\u016f. V kv\u011btnu 2023 americk\u00e1 investi\u010dn\u00ed spole\u010dnost Carlyle ozn\u00e1mila z\u00e1m\u011br p\u0159evz\u00edt Meoptu a soust\u0159edit se na jej\u00ed mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed expanzi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u010c\u00ed\u0148an\u00e9 v Brn\u011b vyv\u00edjej\u00ed mikrokontrol\u00e9ry<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

I \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 firmy jsou si v\u011bdomy kompetence \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky v oblasti v\u00fdvoje polovodi\u010d\u016f. \u0160anghajsk\u00e1 firma Espressif Systems buduje v Brn\u011b sv\u00e9 evropsk\u00e9 v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9 centrum, kde se budou vyv\u00edjet \u010dipy a mikrokontrol\u00e9ry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dal\u0161\u00ed mo\u017enosti spolupr\u00e1ce v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice hled\u00e1 i Tchaj-wan, kter\u00fd chce financovat v\u00fdvojov\u00e9 centrum pro mikro\u010dipy v Brn\u011b nebo v Praze. Tchaj-wan tak\u00e9 \u010desk\u00fdm student\u016fm IT nab\u00edz\u00ed stipendia pro studium v Asii.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Siln\u00e9 str\u00e1nky \u010ceska v polovodi\u010dov\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslu<\/strong>

\u2022 n\u00e1vrh polovodi\u010dov\u00fdch sou\u010d\u00e1stek
\u2022 v\u00fdzkum, v\u00fdvoj a v\u00fdroba elektronov\u00fdch mikroskop\u016f
\u2022 um\u011bl\u00e1 inteligence a 3D zobrazov\u00e1n\u00ed techniky pro \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed v\u00fdrobn\u00edch proces\u016f
\u2022 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed pro kybernetickou bezpe\u010dnost
\u2022 v\u00fdvoj technologie kvantov\u00fdch \u010dip\u016f
\u2022 inovativn\u00ed senzory pro pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 aplikace
\u2022 zav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed perspektivn\u00edch polovodi\u010dov\u00fdch technologi\u00ed pro v\u00fdkonovou techniku s vyu\u017eit\u00edm v automobilov\u00e9m pr\u016fmyslu, energetice, komunikac\u00edch a kosmick\u00fdch technologi\u00edch

Pramen: Hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e1 komora \u010cR 2023<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

V ka\u017ed\u00e9m aut\u011b je p\u0159es 1000 procesor\u016f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pro \u010desk\u00fd autoland jsou nesm\u00edrn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 dod\u00e1vky mikroprocesor\u016f. V ka\u017ed\u00e9m modern\u00edm automobilu se nach\u00e1z\u00ed kolem 1500 po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fdch \u010dip\u016f. P\u0159i sou\u010dasn\u00e9 ro\u010dn\u00ed produkci 1,2 milionu vozidel to z \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky d\u011bl\u00e1 miliardov\u00fd trh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 znamen\u00e1, \u017ee \u010cesko je velmi zraniteln\u00e9 p\u0159i naru\u0161en\u00ed dodavatelsk\u00e9ho \u0159et\u011bzce. Obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 dramatick\u00e9 to bylo v roce 2021, kdy podle sdru\u017een\u00ed AutoSAP v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice kv\u016fli nedostatku \u010dip\u016f nebylo vyrobeno asi 250 000 automobil\u016f a autopr\u016fmysl tak p\u0159i\u0161el o tr\u017eby 4,7 miliardy eur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Podnikatelsk\u00e9 svazy vyz\u00fdvaj\u00ed vl\u00e1du k v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed aktivit\u011b<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kv\u016fli vysok\u00e9 z\u00e1vislosti \u010desk\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslu na dovozu polovodi\u010d\u016f nal\u00e9haj\u00ed podnikatelsk\u00e9 svazy na \u010desk\u00e9 politiky, aby aktivn\u011bji podporovali v\u00fdrobu mikro\u010dip\u016f. \u201e\u010cesk\u00e9 republice se otev\u00edr\u00e1 jedine\u010dn\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost k aktivn\u00edmu zapojen\u00ed do evropsk\u00fdch polovodi\u010dov\u00fdch iniciativ,\u201c uv\u00e1d\u00ed Hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e1 komora (HK) ve sv\u00e9m prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed o podpo\u0159e polovodi\u010dov\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslu z kv\u011btna 2023. V t\u00e9to deklaraci se uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee digit\u00e1ln\u00ed transformace p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed nov\u00e9 mo\u017enosti vyu\u017eit\u00ed polovodi\u010dov\u00fdch v\u00fdrobk\u016f. Pat\u0159\u00ed mezi n\u011b vysoce automatizovan\u00e9 automobily, internet v\u011bc\u00ed, 5G a 6G konektivita, kvantov\u00e9 po\u010d\u00edta\u010de a superpo\u010d\u00edtace, kosmick\u00e9 technologie, bezpe\u010dnost a obrana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zlep\u0161en\u00ed vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed kvalifikovan\u00fdch pracovn\u00edk\u016f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e1 komora zd\u016fraz\u0148uje, \u017ee pokud se \u010cesk\u00e1 republika zapoj\u00ed do hodnotov\u00e9ho \u0159et\u011bzce ve v\u00fdrob\u011b polovodi\u010d\u016f, m\u016f\u017ee to urychlit rozvoj dal\u0161\u00edch pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch odv\u011btv\u00ed. K tomu jsou v\u0161ak nutn\u00e9 dal\u0161\u00ed kroky: roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed v\u00fdzkumu a v\u00fdvoje a rychlej\u0161\u00ed komercializace v\u00fdsledk\u016f v\u00fdzkumu, zlep\u0161en\u00ed technick\u00e9ho vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a rozvoje talent\u016f a podpora mezioborov\u00e9 spolupr\u00e1ce s ostatn\u00edmi evropsk\u00fdmi regiony.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u010cesk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da si je toho v\u011bdoma. Ministerstvo pr\u016fmyslu a obchodu v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b p\u0159ipravuje N\u00e1rodn\u00ed polovodi\u010dovou strategii, kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 b\u00fdt p\u0159edstavena v prvn\u00ed polovin\u011b roku 2024. \u201ePro \u010ceskou republiku jsou \u010dipy st\u011b\u017eejn\u00ed nap\u0159\u00edklad v automobilov\u00e9m pr\u016fmyslu. \u010cipy budou hr\u00e1t velkou roli v z\u00e1sadn\u00edch zm\u011bn\u00e1ch, kter\u00e9 pr\u016fmysl \u010dekaj\u00ed. Proto se mus\u00edme \u0159\u00e1dn\u011b p\u0159ipravit,\u201c uvedl ministr Jozef S\u00edkela. S\u00edkela vid\u00ed \u0159adu v\u00fdhod pro \u010ceskou republiku v Evropsk\u00e9m aktu o \u010dipech: p\u0159\u00edliv finan\u010dn\u00edch prost\u0159edk\u016f do v\u00fdzkumu a v\u00fdvoje, vznik centra kompetence, nov\u00e9 investice do v\u00fdstavby tov\u00e1ren na v\u00fdrobu \u010dip\u016f a spolupr\u00e1ci s ostatn\u00edmi evropsk\u00fdmi zem\u011bmi p\u0159i budov\u00e1n\u00ed dodavatelsk\u00fdch \u0159et\u011bzc\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Spolupr\u00e1ce se Saskem a Bavorskem<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u0159eshrani\u010dn\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ce p\u0159i tom ji\u017e funguje: Ji\u017en\u00ed Morava jako centrum \u010desk\u00e9ho polovodi\u010dov\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslu je \u010dlenem Aliance evropsk\u00fdch polovodi\u010dov\u00fdch region\u016f (ESRA). Tato aliance vznikla z iniciativy Svobodn\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu Sasko a byla zalo\u017eena 7. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2023 v Bruselu. Krom\u011b \u201ek\u0159em\u00edkov\u00e9ho\u201c Saska do n\u00ed pat\u0159\u00ed dal\u0161\u00edch 26 region\u016f z 12 \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f EU. Bl\u00edzkost v\u00fdchodn\u00edho N\u011bmecka by mohla pomoci \u010cesk\u00e9 republice v uskute\u010d\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed polovodi\u010dov\u00fdch ambic\u00ed. Intel stav\u00ed v Magdeburku ob\u0159\u00ed tov\u00e1rnu na \u010dipy a tchajwansk\u00fd gigant TSMC pl\u00e1nuje v Dr\u00e1\u017e\u010fanech spole\u010dn\u011b s firmou Bosch a dal\u0161\u00edmi partnery investovat 10 miliard eur. \u010cesk\u00e9 firmy by se mohly st\u00e1t v\u00fdznamn\u00fdmi dodavateli t\u011bchto z\u00e1vod\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Praha a Brno jsou centry polovodi\u010dov\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslu<\/strong>
V \u010desk\u00e9m polovodi\u010dov\u00e9m pr\u016fmyslu p\u016fsob\u00ed jak startupy, tak tradi\u010dn\u00ed optoelektronick\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti, kter\u00e9 se staly v\u00fdznamn\u00fdmi dodavateli \u010dipov\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslu. Sv\u00e9 pobo\u010dky tu maj\u00ed i zn\u00e1m\u00e9 mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed korporace jako Intel, NXP nebo Onsemi. V\u011bt\u0161ina polovodi\u010dov\u00fdch firem s\u00eddl\u00ed v okol\u00ed Prahy a Brna.
\u00bb Seznam nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch firem na str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch Germany Trade & Invest, rubrika Branchen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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