{"id":8927,"date":"2024-04-28T09:29:08","date_gmt":"2024-04-28T07:29:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/emagazin.plus\/?p=8927"},"modified":"2025-02-06T10:11:00","modified_gmt":"2025-02-06T09:11:00","slug":"cesko-musi-nabrat-novy-smer-tschechien-muss-sich-neu-erfinden","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/emagazin.plus\/cz\/cesko-musi-nabrat-novy-smer-tschechien-muss-sich-neu-erfinden\/","title":{"rendered":"\u010cesko se mus\u00ed znovu naj\u00edt"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u010cesk\u00e1 republika je p\u0159esn\u011b 20 let \u010dlenem Evropsk\u00e9 unie. Od t\u00e9 doby se vztahy s N\u011bmeckem prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm obchodu a vz\u00e1jemn\u00fdch investic st\u00e1le v\u00edce utu\u017euj\u00ed. Aby v\u0161ak \u010cesk\u00e1 republika z\u016fstala atraktivn\u00ed, mus\u00ed se pustit do reforem.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gerit Schulze | Germany Trade & Invest<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u010cesk\u00e1 republika pat\u0159\u00ed mezi 50 nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch sv\u011btov\u00fdch ekonomik. Jej\u00ed hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd v\u00fdkon je zhruba na \u00farovni Finska. Ve st\u0159edn\u00ed a v\u00fdchodn\u00ed Evrop\u011b m\u00e1 po Polsku a Rumunsku t\u0159et\u00ed nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed hrub\u00fd dom\u00e1c\u00ed produkt. HDP na hlavu v t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 11 milionov\u00e9m \u010cesku dosahuje 28 500 eur (2023), co\u017e je v\u00fdrazn\u011b v\u00edce ne\u017e v Polsku (19 800 eur) a v jihoevropsk\u00fdch zem\u00edch EU, jako jsou Portugalsko a \u0158ecko.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pro N\u011bmecko je sousedn\u00ed \u010cesko des\u00e1t\u00fdm nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edm obchodn\u00edm partnerem. V roce 2023 vz\u00e1jemn\u00e1 v\u00fdm\u011bna zbo\u017e\u00ed p\u0159es\u00e1hla 113 miliard eur, \u010d\u00edm\u017e p\u0159ekonala hodnotu obchodu N\u011bmecka s mnohem v\u011bt\u0161\u00edmi zem\u011bmi, nap\u0159\u00edklad \u0160pan\u011blskem nebo Japonskem. \u010cesk\u00e1 republika je tak\u00e9 d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm investi\u010dn\u00edm c\u00edlem pro n\u011bmeck\u00fd pr\u016fmysl.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Roste v\u00fdznam IT a obchodu<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u010cesk\u00e9 ekonomice nad\u00e1le dominuje zpracovatelsk\u00fd pr\u016fmysl v \u010dele s automobilov\u00fdm. Za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed se v\u0161ak objevovat n\u00e1znaky zm\u011bny a na v\u00fdznamu z\u00edsk\u00e1vaj\u00ed slu\u017eby.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b \u010cesko za\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 neobvykle dlouhou recesi. V d\u016fsledku toho se zpomaluje ekonomick\u00e1 dynamika zapo\u010dat\u00e1 vstupem do EU v roce 2004. Po propadu zp\u016fsoben\u00e9m pandemi\u00ed a v\u00e1lkou na Ukrajin\u011b se hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed zat\u00edm nedostalo na \u00farove\u0148 roku 2019. \u010cesko tak v region\u00e1ln\u00edm srovn\u00e1n\u00ed zaost\u00e1v\u00e1. Hrub\u00fd dom\u00e1c\u00ed produkt v sousedn\u00edm Polsku rostl od vstupu do EU ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b o 1,5 procentn\u00edho bodu rychleji ne\u017e \u010desk\u00e1 ekonomika, na Slovensku o t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 1 procentn\u00ed bod.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u010cesk\u00e1 republika nar\u00e1\u017e\u00ed na hranice sv\u00e9ho r\u016fstu. Je vy\u010derp\u00e1n potenci\u00e1l pracovn\u00edch sil, kv\u016fli siln\u00e9 z\u00e1vislosti na rusk\u00fdch energetick\u00fdch zdroj\u00edch po rusk\u00e9 invazi na Ukrajinu enormn\u011b vzrostly ceny ropy a plynu a struktur\u00e1ln\u00ed zm\u011bny v kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch odv\u011btv\u00edch automobilov\u00e9ho, chemick\u00e9ho a stroj\u00edrensk\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslu postupuj\u00ed jen pomalu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Automobilov\u00fd pr\u016fmysl se zved\u00e1 ze dna velmi pomalu<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Automobilov\u00e9mu pr\u016fmyslu, d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9mu odv\u011btv\u00ed \u010desk\u00e9 ekonomiky, se zat\u00edm nepoda\u0159ilo nav\u00e1zat na d\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed rekordy. Zat\u00edmco Slovensko dok\u00e1zalo v posledn\u00edch letech z\u00edskat dal\u0161\u00ed dva sv\u011btov\u00e9 koncerny, Jaguar Land Rover a Volvo, pro v\u00fdstavbu nov\u00fdch v\u00fdrobn\u00edch z\u00e1vod\u016f, \u010cesku se podobn\u00e9 investice vyh\u00fdbaj\u00ed. V\u00fdroba vozidel dos\u00e1hla v \u010cesku vrcholu v roce 2018, kdy bylo vyrobeno 1,44 milionu automobil\u016f. V roce 2023 ov\u0161em v\u00fdroba vzrostla o 15 % na 1,4 milionu voz\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u0159echod na nov\u00e9 typy pohon\u016f ale prob\u00edh\u00e1 velmi pomalu. M\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e ka\u017ed\u00e9 des\u00e1t\u00e9 auto vyroben\u00e9 v lo\u0148sk\u00e9m roce v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice bylo \u010dist\u011b elektrick\u00e9. Pokusy p\u0159il\u00e1kat do zem\u011b mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed koncerny k v\u00fdrob\u011b bateri\u00ed zat\u00edm ztroskotaly. Sl\u00e1bnouc\u00ed automobilov\u00fd pr\u016fmysl je hrozbou pro hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd v\u00fdvoj \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky. Podle svazu AutoSAP se automobilov\u00fd pr\u016fmysl pod\u00edl\u00ed 9 % na HDP a t\u0159etinou na ve\u0161ker\u00fdch v\u00fddaj\u00edch na v\u00fdzkum.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u010cesk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da se sna\u017e\u00ed podporovat a p\u0159il\u00e1kat nov\u00e1 hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e1 odv\u011btv\u00ed. Pat\u0159\u00ed sem v\u00fdroba polovodi\u010d\u016f a um\u011bl\u00e1 inteligence. Vedle toho m\u00e1 b\u00fdt roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ena infrastruktura tak, aby se \u010cesk\u00e1 republika stala logistick\u00fdm centrem Evropy. V oblasti elektroenergetiky se zase pl\u00e1nuj\u00ed masivn\u00ed investice do obnoviteln\u00fdch zdroj\u016f energie a do jadern\u00fdch elektr\u00e1ren Dukovany a Temel\u00edn. M\u00e1 se take zv\u00fd\u0161it kapacita propojen\u00ed energetick\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b s N\u011bmeckem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gloriola zem\u011b upad\u00e1<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Po vstupu do EU byla \u010cesk\u00e1 republika pro n\u011bmeck\u00e9 firmy jednou z nejatraktivn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch investi\u010dn\u00edch lokalit. Podle \u010cNB dos\u00e1hly p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 n\u011bmeck\u00e9 investice na konci roku 2022 t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 27,5 miliardy eur. N\u011bmecko je tak t\u0159et\u00edm nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm zahrani\u010dn\u00edm investorem v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice, a sice po Nizozemsku a Lucembursku. Tyto dv\u011b zem\u011b jsou pro holdingy obl\u00edben\u00e9 hlavn\u011b z da\u0148ov\u00fdch d\u016fvod\u016f. Nejv\u00edce zahrani\u010dn\u00edch investic sm\u011b\u0159uje do finan\u010dn\u00edho sektoru a zpracovatelsk\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslu, na kter\u00e9 p\u0159ipad\u00e1 v\u017edy p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b \u010dtvrtina celkov\u00fdch investic. Obl\u00edben\u00e9 jsou tak\u00e9 investice do nemovitost\u00ed a velkoobchodu a maloobchodu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Atraktivita \u010ceska pro zahrani\u010dn\u00ed investory ov\u0161em v posledn\u00ed dob\u011b kles\u00e1. Ukazuj\u00ed to i v\u00fdsledky nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00edho konjunktur\u00e1ln\u00edho pr\u016fzkumu \u010cNOPK. Jako nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed rizika firmy uv\u00e1d\u011bly slabou popt\u00e1vku, nedostatek kvalifikovan\u00fdch pracovn\u00edk\u016f a vysok\u00e9 ceny energi\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ceny elekt\u0159iny a plynu, kter\u00e9 jsou v region\u00e1ln\u00edm srovn\u00e1n\u00ed velmi vysok\u00e9, ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed konkurenceschopnost energeticky n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fdch podnik\u016f. M\u00edra inflace byla do roku 2023 vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b ostatn\u00edch evropsk\u00fdch zem\u00ed. \u010cesk\u00e9 republice tak\u00e9 chyb\u00ed kvalifikovan\u00ed pracovn\u00edci. \u010cesko vykazuje nejni\u017e\u0161\u00ed m\u00edru nezam\u011bstnanosti v EU a m\u00e1 prakticky plnou zam\u011bstnanost. P\u0159\u00edliv pracovn\u00edch sil ze zahrani\u010d\u00ed nen\u00ed politicky \u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee \u010cesk\u00e1 republika m\u00e1 nyn\u00ed po Slovinsku nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed mzdy ve st\u0159edn\u00ed a v\u00fdchodn\u00ed Evrop\u011b. Podle Eurostatu \u010dinily v roce 2022 pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9 hodinov\u00e9 n\u00e1klady pr\u00e1ce 16,40 eur (Slovensko 15,60 eur; Polsko 12,50 eur).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Je slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed naj\u00edt velk\u00e9 pozemky<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

St\u00e1le obt\u00ed\u017en\u011bji se tak\u00e9 budou hledat vhodn\u00e9 stavebn\u00ed pozemky, proto\u017ee ministerstvo \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed chce zp\u0159\u00edsnit podm\u00ednky pro vyu\u017eit\u00ed p\u016fdy. Novela z\u00e1kona o ochran\u011b zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9ho p\u016fdn\u00edho fondu m\u00e1 zabr\u00e1nit tomu, aby byla zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e1 p\u016fda p\u0159ehodnocov\u00e1na a vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1na k v\u00fdstavb\u011b velk\u00fdch pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch a podnikatelsk\u00fdch park\u016f. To by mohlo v budoucnu zt\u00ed\u017eit rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 investice na zelen\u00e9 louce. Po cel\u00e9m \u010cesku z\u00e1rove\u0148 s\u00edl\u00ed odpor m\u00edstn\u00edch obyvatel proti velk\u00fdm stavebn\u00edm projekt\u016fm. Sv\u00e9 zku\u0161enosti s t\u00edm m\u00e1 koncern Volkswagen, kter\u00fd zva\u017eoval v\u00fdstavbu gigafactory v are\u00e1lu leti\u0161t\u011b u Plzn\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soused\u016fm se da\u0159\u00ed l\u00e9pe<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tento mix negativn\u00edch faktor\u016f zp\u016fsobil, \u017ee \u010cesk\u00e1 republika v posledn\u00edch letech jen st\u011b\u017e\u00ed dok\u00e1zala p\u0159il\u00e1kat nov\u00e9 investory \u2013 na rozd\u00edl od sousedn\u00edch zem\u00ed N\u011bmecka, Polska a Slovenska. Jin\u00e1 situace je u firem, kter\u00e9 u\u017e v \u010cesku p\u016fsob\u00ed. Ty sv\u00e9 zisky \u010dasto reinvestuj\u00ed do roz\u0161i\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed \u010desk\u00fdch provoz\u016f, do automatizace v\u00fdrobn\u00edch proces\u016f a do v\u00fdzkumu a v\u00fdvoje. To je tak\u00e9 v souladu s vl\u00e1dn\u00edmi pl\u00e1ny zbavit se image montovny z\u00e1padn\u00edch korporac\u00ed a p\u0159inutit investory k vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed hodnoty.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00fdrobn\u00ed sektor z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 dominantn\u00ed<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u00e1te\u0159\u00ed \u010desk\u00e9 ekonomiky v\u0161ak z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 zpracovatelsk\u00fd pr\u016fmysl. V roce 2022 tvo\u0159il 23 % hrub\u00e9 p\u0159idan\u00e9 hodnoty. Pr\u016fmyslov\u00e1 odv\u011btv\u00ed, jako je zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed kov\u016f, chemick\u00fd pr\u016fmysl a stroj\u00edrenstv\u00ed, v\u0161ak budou muset v p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edch letech, pokud cht\u011bj\u00ed z\u016fstat konkurenceschopn\u00e1, trvale sni\u017eovat svou uhl\u00edkovou stopu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00fdznam zpracovatelsk\u00e9ho sektoru pro ekonomiku jako celek se nem\u011bn\u00ed a za posledn\u00edch deset let se sn\u00ed\u017eil jen m\u00edrn\u011b. Pokles byl v\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v energetice, kter\u00e1 se nyn\u00ed na p\u0159idan\u00e9 hodnot\u011b pod\u00edl\u00ed pouze 2,3 %, v roce 2012 to byla 4 %. Po uzav\u0159en\u00ed mnoha uheln\u00fdch dol\u016f nehraje t\u011b\u017eba nerostn\u00fdch surovin v ekonomice skoro \u017e\u00e1dnou roli. Naopak vzrostl vliv velkoobchodu a maloobchodu, kter\u00e9 se na hrub\u00e9 p\u0159idan\u00e9 hodnot\u011b v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice pod\u00edlej\u00ed t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 13 %. Na vzestupu jsou tak\u00e9 informa\u010dn\u00ed technologie, telekomunikace a zdravotnictv\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Posuny ve vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed hodnot budou m\u00edt dopad i na trh pr\u00e1ce. V\u00edce ne\u017e 200 000 lid\u00ed st\u00e1le pracuje p\u0159\u00edmo v automobilov\u00e9m pr\u016fmyslu. Za uplynul\u00fdch p\u011bt let se v\u0161ak jejich po\u010det sn\u00ed\u017eil o desetinu. Toto sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed bylo kompenzov\u00e1no nov\u00fdmi pracovn\u00edmi m\u00edsty v IT sektoru a tak\u00e9 ve zdravotnictv\u00ed a pe\u010dovatelsk\u00e9m sektoru.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 <\/strong><\/h3>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u010cesk\u00e1 republika je p\u0159esn\u011b 20 let \u010dlenem Evropsk\u00e9 unie. Od t\u00e9 doby se vztahy s N\u011bmeckem prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm obchodu a vz\u00e1jemn\u00fdch investic st\u00e1le v\u00edce utu\u017euj\u00ed. Aby v\u0161ak \u010cesk\u00e1 republika z\u016fstala atraktivn\u00ed, mus\u00ed se pustit do reforem.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":8969,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[22,300],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8927","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analyse-cz","category-generation-30"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.0","language":"cz","enabled_languages":["de","cz"],"languages":{"de":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":true},"cz":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":true}}},"yoast_head":"\n\u010cesko se mus\u00ed znovu naj\u00edt - Plus<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/emagazin.plus\/cesko-musi-nabrat-novy-smer-tschechien-muss-sich-neu-erfinden\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u010cesko se mus\u00ed znovu naj\u00edt - Plus\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/emagazin.plus\/cesko-musi-nabrat-novy-smer-tschechien-muss-sich-neu-erfinden\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Plus\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-04-28T07:29:08+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-02-06T09:11:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/emagazin.plus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/rsz_1shutterstock_396854983-final.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"712\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"531\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Plus\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Plus\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"7 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/emagazin.plus\/cesko-musi-nabrat-novy-smer-tschechien-muss-sich-neu-erfinden\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/emagazin.plus\/cesko-musi-nabrat-novy-smer-tschechien-muss-sich-neu-erfinden\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Plus\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/emagazin.plus\/#\/schema\/person\/37cd14efd2ba64045e168f219e9bd960\"},\"headline\":\"\u010cesko se mus\u00ed znovu naj\u00edt\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-04-28T07:29:08+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-02-06T09:11:00+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/emagazin.plus\/cesko-musi-nabrat-novy-smer-tschechien-muss-sich-neu-erfinden\/\"},\"wordCount\":2550,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/emagazin.plus\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/emagazin.plus\/cesko-musi-nabrat-novy-smer-tschechien-muss-sich-neu-erfinden\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/emagazin.plus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/rsz_1shutterstock_396854983-final.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Analyse.CZ\",\"Generace 30 +\/-3\"],\"inLanguage\":\"cz\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/emagazin.plus\/cesko-musi-nabrat-novy-smer-tschechien-muss-sich-neu-erfinden\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/emagazin.plus\/cesko-musi-nabrat-novy-smer-tschechien-muss-sich-neu-erfinden\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/emagazin.plus\/cesko-musi-nabrat-novy-smer-tschechien-muss-sich-neu-erfinden\/\",\"name\":\"\u010cesko se mus\u00ed znovu naj\u00edt - Plus\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/emagazin.plus\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/emagazin.plus\/cesko-musi-nabrat-novy-smer-tschechien-muss-sich-neu-erfinden\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/emagazin.plus\/cesko-musi-nabrat-novy-smer-tschechien-muss-sich-neu-erfinden\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/emagazin.plus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/rsz_1shutterstock_396854983-final.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-04-28T07:29:08+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-02-06T09:11:00+00:00\",\"description\":\"Seit genau 20 Jahren ist Tschechien Mitglied der Europ\u00e4ischen Union. 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