{"id":9583,"date":"2024-12-08T15:17:40","date_gmt":"2024-12-08T14:17:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/emagazin.plus\/?p=9583"},"modified":"2025-02-05T12:21:27","modified_gmt":"2025-02-05T11:21:27","slug":"arbeitsmarkt-in-tschechien-cesky-pracovni-trh","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/emagazin.plus\/cz\/arbeitsmarkt-in-tschechien-cesky-pracovni-trh\/","title":{"rendered":"\u010cesk\u00fd trh pr\u00e1ce je v pohybu"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

V \u010cesk\u00e9 republice roste nezam\u011bstnanost, a p\u0159esto se mzdy zvy\u0161uj\u00ed. Situace na trhu pr\u00e1ce z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 napjat\u00e1, proto\u017ee v hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch centrech je nedostatek kvalifikovan\u00fdch pracovn\u00edk\u016f.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gerit Schulze | Germany Trade & Invest<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u010cesk\u00e1 republika je nad\u00e1le zem\u00ed s nejni\u017e\u0161\u00ed m\u00edrou nezam\u011bstnanosti v Evrop\u011b, p\u0159esto poci\u0165uje dopady hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho poklesu v N\u011bmecku, kter\u00e9 je jej\u00edm nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edm obchodn\u00edm partnerem. Poprv\u00e9 po mnoha letech je v \u010cesku v\u00edce nezam\u011bstnan\u00fdch ne\u017e voln\u00fdch pracovn\u00edch m\u00edst. Hled\u00e1n\u00ed kvalifikovan\u00e9 pracovn\u00ed s\u00edly a odborn\u00edk\u016f v\u0161ak z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 a mzdy nad\u00e1le rostou. Pro firmy je st\u00e1le d\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed efektivn\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed zam\u011bstnanc\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Situace na \u010desk\u00e9m trhu pr\u00e1ce se uvol\u0148uje. Kv\u016fli slab\u00e9mu ekonomick\u00e9mu v\u00fdvoji a klesaj\u00edc\u00ed zahrani\u010dn\u00ed popt\u00e1vce mus\u00ed \u0159ada firem propou\u0161t\u011bt a omezovat pl\u00e1ny na expanzi. V d\u016fsledku toho p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed na trh pr\u00e1ce st\u00e1le v\u00edce kvalifikovan\u00fdch pracovn\u00edk\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed hledaj\u00ed nov\u00e9 uplatn\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V \u010cesku je i nad\u00e1le nejni\u017e\u0161\u00ed m\u00edra nezam\u011bstnanosti v EU. Podle Eurostatu, kter\u00fd pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 metodu ILO, \u010dinila v z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2024 pouze 2,8 %, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e pr\u016fm\u011br EU byl 5,9 %. Ministerstvo pr\u00e1ce a soci\u00e1ln\u00edch v\u011bc\u00ed \u010cR pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 jinou metodiku, kter\u00e1 zahrnuje v\u0161echny uchaze\u010de ve v\u011bku 15 a\u017e 64 let. Podle n\u00ed dosahovala v z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2024 m\u00edra nezam\u011bstnanosti 3,9 %. To bylo o 0,3 procentn\u00edho bodu, resp. o 30 tis\u00edc osob v\u00edce ne\u017e p\u0159ed rokem. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 to je nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1\u0159ijov\u00e1 m\u00edra nezam\u011bstnanosti od roku 2016.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Siln\u00e9 str\u00e1nky \u010desk\u00e9ho trhu pr\u00e1ce<\/strong>
\u2022 motivovan\u00ed a kvalifikovan\u00ed odborn\u00edci
\u2022 vysok\u00e1 \u00farove\u0148 odborn\u00fdch znalost\u00ed v technick\u00fdch oborech a IT
\u2022 p\u0159\u00edzniv\u00e9 mzdy ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s N\u011bmeckem
\u2022 bezpe\u010dn\u00e1 a atraktivn\u00ed lokalita pro cizince
\u2022 talenty z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed v zemi, t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 probl\u00e9my s odlivem mozk\u016f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00e9n\u011b voln\u00fdch pracovn\u00edch m\u00edst<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Poprv\u00e9 po sedmi letech je v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice v\u00edce nezam\u011bstnan\u00fdch ne\u017e voln\u00fdch pracovn\u00edch m\u00edst. V z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2024 bylo na \u00fa\u0159adech pr\u00e1ce evidov\u00e1no p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 290 tis\u00edc lid\u00ed bez pr\u00e1ce a 265 tis\u00edc voln\u00fdch pracovn\u00edch m\u00edst.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e1 krize v N\u011bmecku, kter\u00e9 je nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edm exportn\u00edm trhem, vede ke sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed po\u010dtu pracovn\u00edch m\u00edst ve st\u00e1le v\u00edce \u010desk\u00fdch firm\u00e1ch. Jen ve 2. \u010dtvrtlet\u00ed 2024 bylo ve zpracovatelsk\u00e9m pr\u016fmyslu zru\u0161eno 20 tis\u00edc pracovn\u00edch m\u00edst. Za prvn\u00edch dev\u011bt m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f leto\u0161n\u00edho roku ozn\u00e1milo \u00fa\u0159ad\u016fm pr\u00e1ce hromadn\u00e9 propou\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed 107 podnik\u016f, co\u017e se dotklo p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 12 tis\u00edc zam\u011bstnanc\u016f. Americk\u00fd dodavatel automobilov\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslu Adient pl\u00e1nuje uzav\u0159\u00edt dva z\u00e1vody s v\u00edce ne\u017e tis\u00edcovkou zam\u011bstnanc\u016f. Pracovn\u00ed m\u00edsta ru\u0161\u00ed i dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdrobci d\u00edl\u016f pro automobilov\u00fd pr\u016fmysl, nap\u0159\u00edklad Brawe a Fronius. Brn\u011bnsk\u00fd z\u00e1vod na v\u00fdrobu traktor\u016f Zetor propust\u00ed polovinu ze sv\u00fdch 300 zam\u011bstnanc\u016f. V insolventn\u00ed ostravsk\u00e9 ocel\u00e1rn\u011b Liberty hroz\u00ed ztr\u00e1ta 2 300 pracovn\u00edch m\u00edst.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Masivn\u00ed \u00fabytek pracovn\u00edch m\u00edst<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Podle studie Boston Consulting Group bude v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice v d\u016fsledku poklesu popt\u00e1vky, automatizace a vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence v budoucnu zru\u0161eno 355 tis\u00edc pracovn\u00edch m\u00edst. M\u011blo by se to t\u00fdkat pr\u00e1vn\u00edk\u016f, pracovn\u00edk\u016f ve v\u00fdrob\u011b, mont\u00e9r\u016f a prodejc\u016f. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 bude pot\u0159eba do roku 2035 obsadit p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 415 tis\u00edc pracovn\u00edch m\u00edst, nap\u0159\u00edklad v oblasti vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a zdravotnictv\u00ed. Pot\u0159eba rekvalifika\u010dn\u00edch opat\u0159en\u00ed se st\u00e1le zvy\u0161uje.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ned\u00e1vn\u00e9 vlny propou\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed ale neznamenaj\u00ed, \u017ee by firmy v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice nyn\u00ed sn\u00e1ze z\u00edsk\u00e1valy zam\u011bstnance. D\u016fvodem je rozd\u00edln\u00e9 rozlo\u017een\u00ed nab\u00eddky a popt\u00e1vky po pracovn\u00ed s\u00edle v jednotliv\u00fdch regionech. Zat\u00edmco v ekonomick\u00fdch centrech, jako je Praha, Brno a Plze\u0148, je po kvalifikovan\u00fdch pracovn\u00edc\u00edch st\u00e1le popt\u00e1vka, ve struktur\u00e1ln\u011b slab\u00fdch regionech nezam\u011bstnanost roste. Vzhledem k obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9mu hled\u00e1n\u00ed ubytov\u00e1n\u00ed v oblastech s ekonomick\u00fdm r\u016fstem je mobilita uchaze\u010d\u016f o zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00edzk\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nal\u00e9hav\u011b se hledaj\u00ed strojn\u00edci a pomocn\u00ed pracovn\u00edci<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b vysok\u00e1 popt\u00e1vka je po obsluze stroj\u016f a nekvalifikovan\u00fdch pracovn\u00edc\u00edch ve stavebnictv\u00ed, doprav\u011b a v pr\u016fmyslu. V z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2024 tvo\u0159ili polovinu v\u0161ech voln\u00fdch pracovn\u00edch m\u00edst. Podle statistik ministerstva pr\u00e1ce byla vysok\u00e1 popt\u00e1vka tak\u00e9 po \u0159emesln\u00edc\u00edch a mechanic\u00edch, pracovn\u00edc\u00edch ve slu\u017eb\u00e1ch a prodeji a l\u00e9ka\u0159\u00edch specialistech.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I \u010dtvrtletn\u00ed \u00fadaje person\u00e1ln\u00ed agentury Manpower Group ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee \u010cesk\u00e1 republika st\u00e1le nab\u00edz\u00ed \u0159adu p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost\u00ed pro motivovan\u00e9 a kvalifikovan\u00e9 pracovn\u00edky. V z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2024 uvedlo 31 % dot\u00e1zan\u00fdch \u010desk\u00fdch firem, \u017ee budou v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch nab\u00edrat zam\u011bstnance. To bylo o n\u011bco v\u00edce ne\u017e ve stejn\u00e9m m\u011bs\u00edci lo\u0148sk\u00e9ho roku. Naopak 21 % firem hodl\u00e1 propou\u0161t\u011bt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nejv\u00edce nov\u00fdch pracovn\u00edch m\u00edst vznik\u00e1 v IT: t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 ka\u017ed\u00e1 druh\u00e1 firma zde chce zv\u00fd\u0161it po\u010det zam\u011bstnanc\u016f pro oblasti kybernetick\u00e1 bezpe\u010dnost a um\u011bl\u00e1 inteligence. Podle Manpower m\u00e1 o nov\u00e9 pracovn\u00edky mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00fd z\u00e1jem tak\u00e9 finan\u010dn\u00ed sektor, logistika a automobilov\u00fd pr\u016fmysl. \u010c\u00edm v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed spole\u010dnosti, t\u00edm ochotn\u011bji p\u0159ij\u00edmaj\u00ed nov\u00e9 zam\u011bstnance. Men\u0161\u00ed firmy jsou ohledn\u011b budoucnosti pesimisti\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed nov\u00fdch pracovn\u00edk\u016f se br\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

St\u00e1le v\u00edce zahrani\u010dn\u00edch pracovn\u00edk\u016f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vl\u00e1da postupn\u011b uvol\u0148uje imigra\u010dn\u00ed pravidla, aby zm\u00edrnila p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eky na trhu pr\u00e1ce. Podle \u00fadaj\u016f ministerstva pr\u00e1ce bylo v polovin\u011b roku 2024 v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice zam\u011bstn\u00e1no t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 830 tis\u00edc cizinc\u016f. To odpov\u00eddalo 16 % celkov\u00e9 pracovn\u00ed s\u00edly. P\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 290 tis\u00edc z nich poch\u00e1zelo z Ukrajiny a asi 220 tis\u00edc ze Slovenska. Po Slovensku jsou nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi zem\u011bmi p\u016fvodu zahrani\u010dn\u00edch pracovn\u00edk\u016f z EU Polsko, Rumunsko, Bulharsko a Ma\u010farsko. V\u011bt\u0161\u00ed skupiny pracovn\u00edch migrant\u016f poch\u00e1zej\u00ed tak\u00e9 z Ruska, Vietnamu a Mongolska. P\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 6 100 pracovn\u00edk\u016f je z N\u011bmecka.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u010cesk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da se zam\u011b\u0159uje na \u0159\u00edzenou pracovn\u00ed imigraci, z\u00e1rove\u0148 ale pl\u00e1nuje usnadnit zam\u011bstn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed zahrani\u010dn\u00edch pracovn\u00edk\u016f. Pokud popt\u00e1vka po zam\u011bstnanc\u00edch v dan\u00e9m regionu p\u0159ev\u00fd\u0161\u00ed nab\u00eddku, budou moci \u00fa\u0159ady pr\u00e1ce um\u00edstit cizince rychleji a nebudou muset nab\u00edzet pr\u00e1ci 30 dn\u00ed p\u0159edem. Lid\u00e9 z dev\u00edti zem\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b USA, Velk\u00e9 Brit\u00e1nie, Ji\u017en\u00ed Koreje a Izraele, maj\u00ed od \u010dervence 2024 voln\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup na \u010desk\u00fd trh pr\u00e1ce a ji\u017e nepot\u0159ebuj\u00ed pracovn\u00ed povolen\u00ed ani zam\u011bstnaneckou kartu. P\u0159edn\u00ed podnikatelsk\u00e9 svazy by cht\u011bly zjednodu\u0161en\u00e1 pravidla uplatnit tak\u00e9 na pracovn\u00edky ze zem\u00ed, jako jsou Indie, Indon\u00e9sie a Filip\u00edny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nedostatek kvalifikovan\u00fdch pracovn\u00edk\u016f dlouhodob\u011b poroste<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Navzdory snah\u00e1m o zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed pracovn\u00ed migrace p\u0159etrv\u00e1vaj\u00ed na \u010desk\u00e9m trhu pr\u00e1ce probl\u00e9my. Hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e1 komora upozor\u0148uje, \u017ee v p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edch deseti letech trh pr\u00e1ce opust\u00ed na 240 tis\u00edc zam\u011bstnanc\u016f. V \u010cesku by pak mohlo chyb\u011bt p\u016fl milionu kvalifikovan\u00fdch pracovn\u00edk\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zam\u011bstnavatel\u00e9 a st\u00e1tn\u00ed instituce se proto mus\u00ed sna\u017eit v\u00edce vyu\u017e\u00edvat rezervy na trhu pr\u00e1ce. Mnoz\u00ed potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed zam\u011bstnanci by se nechali zam\u011bstnat, pokud by jim byla nab\u00eddnuta v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed flexibilita, co se t\u00fd\u010de pracovn\u00ed doby a m\u00edsta. Do pracovn\u00edho procesu by se tak\u00e9 d\u00edky c\u00edlen\u00fdm nab\u00eddk\u00e1m mohli vr\u00e1tit d\u016fchodci. To sam\u00e9 plat\u00ed i pro ty, kdo del\u0161\u00ed dobu nepracovali kv\u016fli rodi\u010dovsk\u00e9 dovolen\u00e9 nebo p\u00e9\u010di o osoby bl\u00edzk\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dal\u0161\u00ed informace o \u010desk\u00e9m trhu pr\u00e1ce <\/strong>(v n\u011bm\u010din\u011b) najdete \u00bb na webu \u010cesko-n\u011bmeck\u00e9 obchodn\u00ed a pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 komory<\/strong><\/a>
V\u011bnujeme se mimo jin\u00e9 t\u00e9mat\u016fm:
\u2022 Programy pro zam\u011bstn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed zahrani\u010dn\u00edch kvalifikovan\u00fdch pracovn\u00edk\u016f
\u2022 N\u00e1bor zam\u011bstnanc\u016f a person\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed (provize pro headhuntery, zam\u011bstnaneck\u00e9 benefity)
\u2022 Mzdy a platy (minim\u00e1ln\u00ed mzda, v\u00fdrazn\u011b ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdd\u011blky \u017een ne\u017e mu\u017e\u016f, pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed mzda podle regionu a odv\u011btv\u00ed)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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V \u010cesk\u00e9 republice roste nezam\u011bstnanost, a p\u0159esto se mzdy zvy\u0161uj\u00ed. 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